{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:20:16Z","timestamp":1764588016233,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006451","name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006451","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The diagnosis of the life-threatening invasive Candida infections is mainly established using culture of specimens that might be collected on different devices including ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-coated tubes. Despite the knowledge that EDTA inhibits bacterial cultures, and its use to treat oral fungal infections, its impact on Candida cultures has not been completely assessed. This study aimed at assessing it on azole-resistant and azole-susceptible strains. Clinical and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains for Candida albicans (CA), C. glabrata (CGS), C. krusei (CK), azole-susceptible and azole-resistant strains of C. glabrata (CGS and CGR), C. lipolytica (CL), and C. inconspicua (CI) were characterized using MALDI-TOF MS and susceptibility testing and then incubated (1) with serial dilutions of tripotassic EDTA (0%\u2013500% of the concentration in a sample tube) for 2 hours before plating onto ChromID Can2 agar; (2) for 0, 2, 4, 6, 7, or 8 hours at EDTA concentrations at 20% and 33% before seeding; and (3) with sodium citrate or lithium heparinate instead of EDTA for 2 hours before plating. After 48 hours at 35\u00b0C, colony-forming units were automatically quantified. An inhibitory effect of EDTA was observed, at different concentrations, for CA (20%), CGS (100%), and CGR (500%) (P &amp;lt; .05), but none was observed for CL, CI, and CK. The effect increased with incubation duration, at a faster rate for azole-susceptible strains. K3-EDTA inhibits Candida growth and EDTA-coated tubes should not be used for mycological culture-based analyses. The correlation between EDTA inhibition and Candida azole-resistance offers perspectives for the development of selective agar and new antifungal strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T18:21:35Z","timestamp":1561486895000},"page":"514-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["K3-EDTA differentially inhibits the growth of Candida strains according to their azole resistance status"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Damien","family":"Dupont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Parasitology and Medical Mycology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Institute, Lyon, France"},{"name":"Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Facult\u00e9e de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Tirard-Collet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Parasitology and Medical Mycology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Institute, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Persat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Parasitology and Medical Mycology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Institute, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Menotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Parasitology and Medical Mycology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Institute, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Josse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Parasitology and Medical Mycology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Institute, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Wallon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Parasitology and Medical Mycology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Institute, Lyon, France"},{"name":"Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Facult\u00e9e de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3732-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Pichon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospices Civils de Lyon, Virology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Institute, Lyon, France"},{"name":"University Hospital of Poitiers,Bacteriology and Infection Control laboratory, Infectious Agents Department, Poitiers, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis021","article-title":"Impact of treatment strategy on outcomes in patients with candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis: A patient-level quantitative review of randomized trials","volume":"54","author":"Andes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1086\/421946","article-title":"Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: Analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study","volume":"39","author":"Wisplinghoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1086\/496922","article-title":"The epidemiology and attributable outcomes of candidemia in adults and children hospitalized in the United States: A propensity analysis","volume":"41","author":"Zaoutis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit006","article-title":"Finding the \u201cmissing 50%\u201d of invasive candidiasis: How nonculture diagnostics will improve understanding of disease spectrum and transform patient care","volume":"56","author":"Clancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MB-0005-2014","article-title":"Candida albicans biofilm development and its genetic control","volume":"3","author":"Desai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22188","article-title":"Evaluation of di-potassium and tri-potassium EDTA evacuated tubes for routine haematological testing","volume":"32","author":"Mehmood","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-010-9777-0","article-title":"Chitosan-EDTA new combination is a promising candidate for treatment of bacterial and fungal infections","volume":"62","author":"El-Sharif","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.020","article-title":"Role of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in catheter lock solutions: EDTA enhances the antifungal activity of amphotericin B lipid complex against Candida embedded in biofilm","volume":"32","author":"Raad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00154-06","article-title":"Optimal antimicrobial catheter lock solution, using different combinations of minocycline, EDTA, and 25-percent ethanol, rapidly eradicates organisms embedded in biofilm","volume":"51","author":"Raad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81109-X","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of EDTA solution as an endodontic irrigant","volume":"21","author":"Yoshida","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00307769","article-title":"Changes in the cell wall glycoprotein composition of Candida albicans associated to the inhibition of germ tube formation by EDTA","volume":"161","author":"Gil","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.05.023","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of maleic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on endodontic pathogens","volume":"112","author":"Ballal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2000.109640","article-title":"The effect of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid on Candida albicans","volume":"90","author":"Sen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12576","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of combination of polyenes with EDTA against Aspergillus spp. by different methods (FICI and CI Model)","volume":"117","author":"Ruhil","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7977","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01953-12","article-title":"EDTA inhibits biofilm formation, extracellular vesicular secretion, and shedding of the capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan by Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"78","author":"Robertson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib16","first-page":"B4698","article-title":"Candida and candidaemia: Susceptibility and epidemiology","volume":"60","author":"Arendrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00181-0","article-title":"Resistance of Candida species to antifungal agents: Molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences","volume":"2","author":"Sanglard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(02)00087-X","article-title":"The genetic basis of fluconazole resistance development in Candida albicans","volume":"1587","author":"Morschh\u00e4user","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2020053120000460400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.11.001","article-title":"Antifungal drug resistance: mechanisms, epidemiology, and consequences for treatment","volume":"125","author":"Pfaller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med"}],"container-title":["Medical Mycology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/58\/4\/514\/33196595\/myz080.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article-pdf\/58\/4\/514\/33196595\/myz080.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:33Z","timestamp":1590969633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mmy\/article\/58\/4\/514\/5532521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myz080","relation":{},"ISSN":["1369-3786","1460-2709"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1369-3786"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1460-2709"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]}}}