{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:53:19Z","timestamp":1792720399143,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582156800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The transition of terrestrial snakes to marine life approximately 10 million years ago (Ma) is ideal for exploring adaptive evolution. Sea snakes possess phenotype specializations including laterally compressed bodies, paddle-shaped tails, valvular nostrils, cutaneous respiration, elongated lungs and salt glands yet knowledge on the genetic underpinnings of the transition remain limited. Herein, we report the first genome of Shaw\u2019s sea snake (Hydrophis curtus) and use it to investigate sea snake secondary marine adaptation. A hybrid assembly strategy obtains a high quality genome. Gene family analyses date a pulsed coding-gene expansion to about 20\u2009Ma, and these genes associate strongly with adaptations to marine environments. Analyses of selection pressure and convergent evolution discover the rapid evolution of protein-coding genes, and some convergent features. Additionally, 108 conserved non-coding elements appear to have evolved quickly, and these may underpin the phenotypic changes. Transposon elements may contribute to adaptive specializations by inserting into genomic regions around functionally related coding genes. The integration of genomic and transcriptomic analyses indicates independent origins and different components in sea snake and terrestrial snake venom; the venom gland of the sea snake harbours the highest PLA2 (17.23%) expression in selected elapids and these genes may organize tandemly in the genome. These analyses provide insights into the genetic mechanisms that underlay the secondary adaptation to marine and venom production of this sea snake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,15]],"date-time":"2020-02-15T07:11:28Z","timestamp":1581750688000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The genome of Shaw\u2019s sea snake (Hydrophis curtus) reveals secondary adaptation to its marine environment"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Changjun","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Long","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cao","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Bioinformatics, DNA Stories Bioinformatics Center, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dechun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jichao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangyong","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaochao","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biodiversity, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen\u2019s Park, Toronto, ON Canada M5S 2C6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Dong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Tang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"container-title":["Molecular Biology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mbe\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/molbev\/msaa043\/32529814\/msaa043.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mbe\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/molbev\/msaa043\/32529814\/msaa043.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T09:59:45Z","timestamp":1582192785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mbe\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/molbev\/msaa043\/5741420"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msaa043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0737-4038","1537-1719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0737-4038","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-1719","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"article-number":"msaa043"}}