{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:14:13Z","timestamp":1790705653951,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"US National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R56 AI151549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 AI151549"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pathogens and associated outbreaks of infectious disease exert selective pressure on human populations, and any changes in allele frequencies that result may be especially evident for genes involved in immunity. In this regard, the 1346-1353 Yersinia pestis-caused Black Death pandemic, with continued plague outbreaks spanning several hundred years, is one of the most devastating recorded in human history. To investigate the potential impact of Y. pestis on human immunity genes, we extracted DNA from 36 plague victims buried in a mass grave in Ellwangen, Germany in the 16th century. We targeted 488 immune-related genes, including HLA, using a novel in-solution hybridization capture approach. In comparison with 50 modern native inhabitants of Ellwangen, we find differences in allele frequencies for variants of the innate immunity proteins Ficolin-2 and NLRP14 at sites involved in determining specificity. We also observed that HLA-DRB1*13 is more than twice as frequent in the modern population, whereas HLA-B alleles encoding an isoleucine at position 80 (I-80+), HLA C*06:02 and HLA-DPB1 alleles encoding histidine at position 9 are half as frequent in the modern population. Simulations show that natural selection has likely driven these allele frequency changes. Thus, our data suggest that allele frequencies of HLA genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity responsible for extracellular and intracellular responses to pathogenic bacteria, such as Y. pestis, could have been affected by the historical epidemics that occurred in Europe.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T19:12:56Z","timestamp":1620933176000},"page":"4059-4076","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Analysis of Genomic DNA from Medieval Plague Victims Suggests Long-Term Effect of <i>Yersinia pestis<\/i> on Human Immunity Genes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8970-4383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Immel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline K","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genelle F","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William H","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A","family":"Spyrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Susat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Krause-Kyora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten I","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana I","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Zaragoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Immunogenetics Unit, T\u00e9cnicas Gen\u00e9ticas Aplicadas a la Cl\u00ednica (TGAC), Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Sauter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DKMS, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ute","family":"Solloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DKMS, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander H","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DKMS, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena J","family":"Schuenemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Archaeological Sciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madita S","family":"Kairies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Archaeological Sciences, WG Palaeoanthropology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Wei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Office for Cultural Heritage Management, Stuttgart Regional Council, Esslingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Office for Cultural Heritage Management, Stuttgart Regional Council, Esslingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Wahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Archaeological Sciences, WG Palaeoanthropology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"State Office for Cultural Heritage Management, Stuttgart Regional Council, Esslingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill A","family":"Hollenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kohlbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Bioinformatics, Department for Computer Science, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Quantitative Biology Center, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Translational Bioinformatics, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Biomolecular Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1176-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Herbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck 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