{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T07:51:19Z","timestamp":1788508279707,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"NICHD","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"NICHD","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD 091527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD 091527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In mammals, the placenta mediates maternal\u2013fetal nutrient and waste exchange and acts in an immunomodulatory way to facilitate maternal\u2013fetal tolerance. The placenta is highly diverse across mammalian species, yet the molecular mechanisms that distinguish the placenta of human from other mammals are not fully understood. Using an interspecies transcriptomic comparison of human, macaque, and mouse late-gestation placentae, we identified hundreds of genes with lineage-specific expression\u2014including dozens that are placentally enriched and potentially related to pregnancy. We further annotated the enhancers for different human tissues using epigenomic data and demonstrate that the placenta and chorion are unique in that their enhancers display the least conservation. We identified numerous lineage-specific human placental enhancers and found they highly overlap with specific families of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), including MER21A, MER41A\/B, and MER39B that were previously linked to immune response and placental function. Among these ERV families, we further demonstrate that MER41A\/B insertions create dozens of lineage-specific serum response factor-binding loci in human, including one adjacent to FBN2, a placenta-specific gene with increased expression in humans that produces the peptide hormone placensin to stimulate glucose secretion and trophoblast invasion. Overall, our results demonstrate the prevalence of lineage-specific placental enhancers which are frequently associated with ERV insertions and likely facilitate the lineage-specific evolution of the mammalian placenta.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T07:08:23Z","timestamp":1627369703000},"page":"4992-5004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Endogenous Retroviruses Drive Lineage-Specific Regulatory Evolution across Primate and Rodent Placentae"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-3027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-an","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gernot","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yejun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna D","family":"Senft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"Ralls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinpu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin E","family":"Dunn-Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA"},{"name":"Physician-Scientist Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis J","family":"Muglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA"},{"name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd S","family":"Macfarlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2021103111534629700_msab223-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45839-z","article-title":"The 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