{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T18:13:18Z","timestamp":1780078398609,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In most eukaryotic genomes, tandemly repeated copies of 5S rRNA genes are clustered outside the nucleolus organizer region (NOR), which normally encodes three other major rRNAs: 18S, 5.8S, and 28S. Our analysis of turtle rDNA sequences has revealed a 5S rDNA insertion into the NOR intergenic spacer in antisense orientation. The insertion (hereafter called NOR-5S rRNA gene) has a length of 119 bp and coexists with the canonical 5S rDNA clusters outside the NOR. Despite the \u223c20% nucleotide difference between the two 5S gene sequences, their internal control regions for RNA polymerase III are similar. Using the turtle Trachemys scripta as a model species, we showed the NOR-5S rDNA specific expression in oocytes. This expression is concurrent with the NOR rDNA amplification during oocyte growth. We show that in vitellogenic oocytes, the NOR-5S rRNA prevails over the canonical 5S rRNA in the ribosomes, suggesting a role of modified ribosomes in oocyte-specific translation. The orders Testudines and Crocodilia seem to be the only taxa of vertebrates with such a peculiar rDNA organization. We speculate that the amplification of the 5S rRNA genes as a part of the NOR DNA during oogenesis provides a dosage balance between transcription of all the four ribosomal RNAs while producing a maternal pool of extra ribosomes. We further hypothesize that the NOR-5S rDNA insertion appeared in the Archelosauria clade during the Permian period and was lost later in the ancestors of Aves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T12:16:01Z","timestamp":1636114561000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["45S rDNA Repeats of Turtles and Crocodiles Harbor a Functional 5S rRNA Gene Specifically Expressed in Oocytes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Asya G","family":"Davidian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander G","family":"Dyomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Technologies, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana A","family":"Galkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda E","family":"Makarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey E","family":"Dmitriev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4967-9053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena R","family":"Gaginskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, 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