{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T10:49:41Z","timestamp":1789296581690,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Although new genes can arrive from modes other than duplication, few examples are well characterized. Given high expression in some human brain subregions and a putative link to psychological disorders [e.g., schizophrenia (SCZ)], suggestive of brain functionality, here we characterize piggyBac transposable element-derived 1 (PGBD1). PGBD1 is nonmonotreme mammal-specific and under purifying selection, consistent with functionality. The gene body of human PGBD1 retains much of the original DNA transposon but has additionally captured SCAN and KRAB domains. Despite gene body retention, PGBD1 has lost transposition abilities, thus transposase functionality is absent. PGBD1 no longer recognizes piggyBac transposon-like inverted repeats, nonetheless PGBD1 has DNA binding activity. Genome scale analysis identifies enrichment of binding sites in and around genes involved in neuronal development, with association with both histone activating and repressing marks. We focus on one of the repressed genes, the long noncoding RNA NEAT1, also dysregulated in SCZ, the core structural RNA of paraspeckles. DNA binding assays confirm specific binding of PGBD1 both in the NEAT1 promoter and in the gene body. Depletion of PGBD1 in neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) results in increased NEAT1\/paraspeckles and differentiation. We conclude that PGBD1 has evolved core regulatory functionality for the maintenance of NPCs. As paraspeckles are a mammal-specific structure, the results presented here show a rare example of the evolution of a novel gene coupled to the evolution of a contemporaneous new structure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T07:17:44Z","timestamp":1665127064000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Novel Gene Controls a New Structure: PiggyBac Transposable Element-Derived 1, Unique to Mammals, Controls Mammal-Specific Neuronal Paraspeckles"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Rask\u00f3","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Pande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Radscheit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Zink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Duesseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8626-5418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manvendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerda","family":"Wachtl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH , Budapest , Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University , Budapest , Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orsolya","family":"Kolacsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH , Budapest , Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gizem","family":"Inak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Duesseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Szvetnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyros","family":"Petrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Biosciences\/Centre for Research and Technology Hellas , 57001 Thessaloniki , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Bunse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Data Science and Machine Learning Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases , T\u00fcbingen 72076 , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Selbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s I","family":"Orb\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH , Budapest , Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Prigione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Duesseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1002-1054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence D","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath , Bath , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"Izsv\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society , Berlin , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022100812014043000_msac175-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595","article-title":"Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci","volume":"511","author":"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics C","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2022100812014043000_msac175-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2018.11.003","article-title":"NEAT1 and paraspeckles in neurodegenerative diseases: a missing lnc 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