{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:12:43Z","timestamp":1790759563680,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French ANR MICETRAL"},{"name":"ANR GENAD"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent agent of human malaria, spread from Africa to all continents following the out-of-Africa human migrations. During the transatlantic slave trade between the 16th and 19th centuries, it was introduced twice independently to the Americas where it adapted to new environmental conditions (new human populations and mosquito species). Here, we analyzed the genome-wide polymorphisms of 2,635 isolates across the current P. falciparum distribution range in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas to investigate its genetic structure, invasion history, and selective pressures associated with its adaptation to the American environment. We confirmed that American populations originated from Africa with at least two independent introductions that led to two genetically distinct clusters, one in the North (Haiti and Colombia) and one in the South (French Guiana and Brazil), and an admixed Peruvian group. Genome scans revealed recent and more ancient signals of positive selection in the American populations. Particularly, we detected positive selection signals in genes involved in interactions with hosts (human and mosquito) cells and in genes involved in resistance to malaria drugs in both clusters. Analyses suggested that for five genes, adaptive introgression between clusters or selection on standing variation was at the origin of this repeated evolution. This study provides new genetic evidence on P. falciparum colonization history and on its local adaptation in the Americas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T14:52:56Z","timestamp":1680965576000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Population Genomic Evidence of Adaptive Response during the Invasion History of\n                    <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>\n                    in the Americas"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9339-8657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaux J M","family":"Lefebvre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MiVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD , Montpellier , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josquin","family":"Daron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MiVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD , Montpellier , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Legrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malaria Biology and Vaccine Unit, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1156-4154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MiVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD , Montpellier , France"},{"name":"Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5873-5681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginie","family":"Rougeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REHABS, International Research Laboratory, CNRS-NMU-UCBL, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University , George , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8519-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franck","family":"Prugnolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REHABS, International Research Laboratory, CNRS-NMU-UCBL, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University , George , South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023051107575034800_msad082-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20031500","article-title":"Structural and functional dissection of the adhesive domains of Plasmodium falciparum thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP)","volume":"379","author":"Akhouri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2023051107575034800_msad082-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109","article-title":"Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"2023051107575034800_msad082-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30409-1","article-title":"Genetic markers associated with dihydroartemisinin\u2013piperaquine failure in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cambodia: a genotype\u2013phenotype association study","volume":"17","author":"Amato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023051107575034800_msad082-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03510-3","article-title":"Population genetic analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in two distinct ecological regions in Ghana","volume":"19","author":"Amegashie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2023051107575034800_msad082-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026247","article-title":"Microsatellite markers reveal a spectrum of population structures in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"17","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Biol 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