{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T18:51:33Z","timestamp":1777575093033,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Snake venoms harbor a wide and diverse array of enzymatic and nonenzymatic toxic components, allowing them to exert myriad effects on their prey. However, they appear to trend toward a few optimal compositional scaffolds, dominated by four major toxin classes: SVMPs, SVSPs, 3FTxs, and PLA2s. Nevertheless, the latter appears to be restricted to vipers and elapids, as it has never been reported as a major venom component in rear-fanged species. Here, by investigating the original transcriptomes from 19 species distributed in eight genera from the Pseudoboini tribe (Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) and screening among seven additional tribes of Dipsadidae and three additional families of advanced snakes, we discovered that a novel type of venom PLA2, resembling a PLA2-IIE, has been recruited to the venom of some species of the Pseudoboini tribe, where it is a major component. Proteomic and functional analyses of these venoms further indicate that these PLA2s play a relevant role in the venoms from this tribe. Moreover, we reconstructed the phylogeny of PLA2s across different snake groups and show that different types of these toxins have been recruited in at least five independent events in caenophidian snakes. Additionally, we present the first compositional profiling of Pseudoboini venoms. Our results demonstrate how relevant phenotypic traits are convergently recruited by different means and from homologous and nonhomologous genes in phylogenetically and ecologically divergent snake groups, possibly optimizing venom composition to overcome diverse adaptative landscapes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msad147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T17:14:06Z","timestamp":1687540446000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Independent Recruitment of Different Types of Phospholipases A2 to the Venoms of Caenophidian Snakes: The Rise of PLA2-IIE within Pseudoboini (Dipsadidae)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Juan David","family":"Bayona-Serrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Toxinologia Aplicada (LETA), Instituto Butantan , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Gobi","family":"Grazziotin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Cole\u00e7\u00f5es Zool\u00f3gicas (LECZ), Instituto Butantan , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Salazar-Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (BioCamb) e Ingenier\u00eda en Biodiversidad y Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Indoam\u00e9rica , Quito , Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard H","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3196-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Gabriel","family":"Nachtigall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Toxinologia Aplicada (LETA), Instituto Butantan , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Colombini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Moura-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4491-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inacio Loiola Meirelles","family":"Junqueira-de-Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Toxinologia Aplicada (LETA), Instituto Butantan , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"},{"name":"Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS) , S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023070523201124000_msad147-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2003.09.045","article-title":"Group IB phospholipase A2 from Pseudonaja textilis","volume":"421","author":"Armugam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys."},{"key":"2023070523201124000_msad147-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gdata.2015.07.012","article-title":"Ameliorated de novo transcriptome assembly using Illumina paired end sequence data with Trinity Assembler","volume":"5","author":"Bankar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genom Data."},{"key":"2023070523201124000_msad147-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2994\/057.006.0301","article-title":"Diversity, natural history, and distribution of snakes in the municipality of S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"6","author":"Barbo","year":"2011","journal-title":"South Am J Herpetol"},{"key":"2023070523201124000_msad147-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msz125","article-title":"Many options, few solutions: over 60 my snakes converged on a few optimal venom formulations","volume":"36","author":"Barua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"2023070523201124000_msad147-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa192","article-title":"Replacement and parallel simplification of nonhomologous proteinases maintain venom phenotypes in rear-fanged snakes","volume":"37","author":"Bayona-Serrano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"2023070523201124000_msad147-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"giz100","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giz100","article-title":"RnaSPAdes: a de novo transcriptome assembler and its application to RNA-Seq 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