{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:35:53Z","timestamp":1789043753692,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) General Research Fund","award":["14107823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14107823"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42293294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42293294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grants Council Area of Excellence Scheme","award":["AoE\/M-403\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AoE\/M-403\/16"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022A1515010844"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515010844"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021M702296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M702296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Evolution of a complete nitrogen (N) cycle relies on the onset of ammonia oxidation, which aerobically converts ammonia to nitrogen oxides. However, accurate estimation of the antiquity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) remains challenging because AOB-specific fossils are absent and bacterial fossils amenable to calibrate molecular clocks are rare. Leveraging the ancient endosymbiosis of mitochondria and plastid, as well as using state-of-the-art Bayesian sequential dating approach, we obtained a timeline of AOB evolution calibrated largely by eukaryotic fossils. We show that the first AOB evolved in marine Gammaproteobacteria (Gamma-AOB) and emerged between 2.1 and 1.9 billion years ago (Ga), thus postdating the Great Oxidation Event (GOE; 2.4 to 2.32\u2005Ga). To reconcile the sedimentary N isotopic signatures of ammonia oxidation occurring near the GOE, we propose that ammonia oxidation likely occurred at the common ancestor of Gamma-AOB and Gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs, or the actinobacterial\/verrucomicrobial methanotrophs which are known to have ammonia oxidation activities. It is also likely that nitrite was transported from the terrestrial habitats where ammonia oxidation by archaea took place. Further, we show that the Gamma-AOB predated the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria, implying that the emergence of anammox was constrained by the availability of dedicated ammonia oxidizers which produce nitrite to fuel anammox. Our work supports a new hypothesis that N redox cycle involving nitrogen oxides evolved rather late in the ocean.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T08:47:03Z","timestamp":1715849223000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Dating Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria with Abundant Eukaryotic Fossils"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4818-9346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianhua","family":"Liao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7220-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sishuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-4555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6861-2490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva E","family":"Stu\u0308eken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews , Queen's Terrace, KY16 9TS , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8452-6066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiwei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR"},{"name":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR"},{"name":"Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052918103367200_msae096-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2016.02.010","article-title":"Interpretation of the nitrogen isotopic composition of Precambrian sedimentary rocks: assumptions and perspectives","volume":"429","author":"Ader","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem 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