{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:19:22Z","timestamp":1791616762935,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010203","name":"China's Agricultural Research System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-45-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-45-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Sex determination in vertebrates exhibits remarkable evolutionary plasticity, with diverse mechanisms and master sex-determining (MSD) genes arising independently across lineages. Among these, dmrt1, a dosage-sensitive gene, has repeatedly been recruited as an MSD gene through gene duplication or allelic diversification. However, the biochemical basis of such evolutionary transitions, particularly those driven by allelic diversification, remains largely unexplored. Here, we generated haplotype-resolved genome assemblies for both XX and XY black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) and identified a \u223c40-kb region on chromosome 4, containing only dmrt1, as the candidate sex-determining locus. We discovered two Y-specific insertions in the dmrt1 promoter: a 13.4-kb highly repetitive element and an 11-bp motif. Functional assays revealed that these insertions act as enhancer and a promoter element, respectively, driving early, allele-specific upregulation of dmrt1 prior to gonadal differentiation. Notably, the 13.4-kb insertion contains transposable elements (TEs) functioning as cis-regulatory modules with transcription factor binding sites that mediate Y-specific activation. Our findings reveal a TE-mediated regulatory innovation that promoted dmrt1's evolution as a male-determining gene via allelic diversification, providing new insights into how mobile genetic elements drive the origin and diversification of sex-determining systems in vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaf239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T17:47:47Z","timestamp":1758822467000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Transposable Element-Mediated Cis-Regulation Drives the Evolution of <i>dmrt1<\/i> as a Candidate Master Sex-Determining Gene in Black Carp"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3467-502X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiamin","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University , No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai 201306 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3537-2248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gen Hua","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Population Genetics & Breeding Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory , 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7903-3889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiale","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University , No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai 201306 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University , No. 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai 201306 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5198-4906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenglong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science, Huzhou University , 759 East 2nd Road, Huzhou 313000 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3363-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Population Genetics & Breeding Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory , 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604 ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9170-7778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yubang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural 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