{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:46:23Z","timestamp":1789663583619,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/P012574\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/P012574\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/ P012914\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/ P012914\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP48855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP48855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural History Museum Science Department Infrastructure Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Global insect pollinator populations are under threat, with reported declines attributed to increasing habitat loss, pesticide use, and disease. Tracking how genetic diversity has changed over time could reveal the rate and extent of these declines, and the adaptive capacity of affected species\u2014providing an important complement to habitat-based conservation efforts. However, few studies have been able to reconstruct suitable historical baselines to link genomic changes with population change. Here, we use whole genome data from 101 museum specimens of the declining moss carder bumblebee (Bombus muscorum) collected across Britain and Ireland between 1894 and 2019 to reveal a dramatic drop in genetic diversity over the last century. We find a substantial (\u223c24.6%) reduction in genome-wide heterozygosity across Britain during this period. In England and Wales, where habitat fragmentation is most pronounced, we observe a 2.86-fold increase in runs of homozygosity, commensurate with population fragmentation and isolation. Our results reveal the extent to which human-induced environmental change can lead to severe decadal-scale genomic erosion in a functionally important insect. Identified using DNA from historic museum collections, our approach has widespread applicability for insect conservation and understanding the evolutionary consequences of environmental change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msag223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:35:00Z","timestamp":1788521700000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Museum specimens reveal the genomic consequences of long-term population decline in an insect pollinator"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2604-2976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria E","family":"Mullin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 D02 PN40 ,","place":["Ireland"]},{"name":"Science Department, Natural History Museum , London SW7 5BD ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1373-8808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hana N","family":"Merchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Department, Natural History Museum , London SW7 5BD ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3577-2110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres N","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Edge Hill University , Ormskirk L39 4QP ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Imperial College London Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, , Ascot SL5 7PY ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6790-1167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Will","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia , Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8933-7915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David G","family":"Notton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Museums Scotland , Edinburgh EH1 1JF ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2143-2246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Whiffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Museums Scotland , Edinburgh EH1 1JF ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8684-8421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Blagoderov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Museums Scotland , Edinburgh EH1 1JF ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7223-5333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gavin R","family":"Broad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Department, Natural History Museum , London SW7 5BD ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1831-0780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Museum of Natural History , Oxford OX1 3PW ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5917-9459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Museum (National Museums Liverpool) , Liverpool L3 8EN ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7743-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ipswich Museums (Colchester and Ipswich Museums) , Ipswich IP1 3QH ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6474-2521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Judd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Museum (National Museums Liverpool) , Liverpool L3 8EN ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0887-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff","family":"Ollerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Germplasm Bank of Wild Species and Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Northampton , Northampton NN1 5PH ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2126-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selina","family":"Brace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Department, Natural History Museum , London SW7 5BD ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9389-1284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard J","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, , Ascot SL5 7PY 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