{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:44:24Z","timestamp":1787985864378,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["AGL2013\u201341047\u2013R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2013\u201341047\u2013R"]}]},{"name":"Epimark","award":["AGL2016\u201378710\u2013R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2016\u201378710\u2013R"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["BES\u20132011\u2013044860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BES\u20132011\u2013044860"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Domestication of wild animals induces a set of phenotypic characteristics collectively known as the domestication syndrome. However, how this syndrome emerges is still not clear. Recently, the neural crest cell deficit hypothesis proposed that it is generated by a mildly disrupted neural crest cell developmental program, but clear support is lacking due to the difficulties of distinguishing pure domestication effects from preexisting genetic differences between farmed and wild mammals and birds. Here, we use a farmed fish as model to investigate the role of persistent changes in DNA methylation (epimutations) in the process of domestication. We show that early domesticates of sea bass, with no genetic differences with wild counterparts, contain epimutations in tissues with different embryonic origins. About one fifth of epimutations that persist into adulthood are established by the time of gastrulation and affect genes involved in developmental processes that are expressed in embryonic structures, including the neural crest. Some of these genes are differentially expressed in sea bass with lower jaw malformations, a key feature of domestication syndrome. Interestingly, these epimutations significantly overlap with cytosine-to-thymine polymorphisms after 25 years of selective breeding. Furthermore, epimutated genes coincide with genes under positive selection in other domesticates. We argue that the initial stages of domestication include dynamic alterations in DNA methylation of developmental genes that affect the neural crest. Our results indicate a role for epimutations during the beginning of domestication that could be fixed as genetic variants and suggest a conserved molecular process to explain Darwin\u2019s domestication syndrome across vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msz153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T07:08:55Z","timestamp":1561532935000},"page":"2252-2264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Epimutations in Developmental Genes Underlie the Onset of Domestication in Farmed European Sea Bass"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Dafni","family":"Anastasiadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Nelson, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0903-4736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesc","family":"Piferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Ci\u00e8ncies del Mar, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2019112610312402800_msz153-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R87.","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-10-r87","article-title":"methylKit: a comprehensive R package for the analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles","volume":"13","author":"Akalin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2019112610312402800_msz153-B2","author":"Alexa","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019112610312402800_msz153-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-018-0205-1","article-title":"Consistent inverse correlation between DNA methylation of the first intron and gene expression across tissues and species","volume":"11","author":"Anastasiadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epigenet Chromatin"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019112610312402800_msz153-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2018.1529504","article-title":"Dynamic epimarks in sex-related genes predict gonad phenotype in the European sea bass, a fish with mixed genetic and environmental sex determination","volume":"13","author":"Anastasiadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"2019112610312402800_msz153-B5","author":"Andrews","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019112610312402800_msz153-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-011-0886-y","article-title":"Morphological differences between wild and farmed Mediterranean fish","volume":"679","author":"Arechavala-Lopez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019112610312402800_msz153-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology. 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