{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:43:38Z","timestamp":1786963418721,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]],"date-time":"2020-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007128","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019JQ-430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019JQ-430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Young Talent fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China","award":["20180204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180204"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M641032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M641032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007548","name":"Northwest A and F University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2452018037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2452018037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007548","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spermatogenesis, an intricate process occurring in the testis, is responsible for ongoing production of spermatozoa and thus the cornerstone of lifelong male fertility. In the testis, spermatogenesis occurs optimally at a temperature 2\u20134\u00b0C lower than that of the core body. Increased scrotal temperature generates testicular heat stress and later causes testicular atrophy and spermatogenic arrest, resulting in a lower sperm yield and therefore impaired male fertility. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a small neuro-hormone synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland and the testis, is widely known as a potent free-radical scavenger; it has been reported that melatonin protects the testis against inflammation and reactive oxygen species generation thereby playing anti-inflammatory, -oxidative and -apoptotic roles in the testis. Nevertheless, the role of melatonin in the testicular response to heat stress has not been studied. Here, by employing a mouse model of testicular hyperthermia, we systematically investigated the testicular response to heat stress as well as the occurrence of autophagy, apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testis. Importantly, we found that pre-treatment with melatonin attenuated heat-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testis. Also, post-treatment with melatonin promoted recovery of the testes from heat-induced damage, probably by maintaining the integrity of the Sertoli cell tight-junction. Thus, we for the first time provide the proof of concept that melatonin can protect the testis against heat-induced damage, supporting the potential future use of melatonin as a therapeutic drug in men for sub\/infertility incurred by various testicular hyperthermia factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaaa002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T12:07:18Z","timestamp":1578312438000},"page":"65-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Melatonin protects the mouse testis against heat-induced damage"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0152-2671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwei","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2912-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxian","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2009.00947.x","article-title":"Germ cell apoptosis induced by experimental cryptorchidism is mediated by molecular pathways in mouse testis","volume":"42","author":"Absalan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod46.6.1114","article-title":"Impaired detoxification of reactive oxygen and consequent oxidative stress in experimentally cryptorchid rat testis","volume":"46","author":"Ahotupa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-009-9210-9","article-title":"A morphological study on Leydig cells of scrotal hyperthermia applied rats in short-term","volume":"40","author":"Aktas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mol Histol"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00624.x","article-title":"Melatonin hormone profile in infertile males","volume":"29","author":"Awad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.05.039","article-title":"Melatonin replacement restores the circadian behavior in adult rat Leydig cells after pinealectomy","volume":"413","author":"Baburski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(99)00103-5","article-title":"Radioprotective effect of melatonin assessed by measuring chromosomal damage in mitotic and meiotic cells","volume":"444","author":"Badr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref7","first-page":"91","article-title":"Proteolytic degradation of heat shock protein A2 occurs in response to oxidative stress in male germ cells of the mouse","volume":"23","author":"Bromfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2010.01089.x","article-title":"Scrotal heat stress causes a transient alteration in tight junctions and induction of TGF-beta expression","volume":"34","author":"Cai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1093","article-title":"Effect of heat stress on expression of junction-associated molecules and upstream factors androgen receptor and Wilms\u2019 tumor 1 in monkey sertoli cells","volume":"149","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1159\/000486165","article-title":"Melatonin relieves busulfan-induced spermatogonial stem cell apoptosis of mouse testis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"44","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12327","article-title":"Melatonin promotes development of haploid germ cells from early developing spermatogenic cells of Suffolk sheep under in vitro condition","volume":"60","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.22.4595","article-title":"HSP70-2 is required for desynapsis of synaptonemal complexes during meiotic prophase in juvenile and adult mouse spermatocytes","volume":"124","author":"Dix","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.09.018","article-title":"Causes, effects and molecular mechanisms of testicular heat stress","volume":"30","author":"Durairajanayagam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1530\/ror.0.0040023","article-title":"Role of heat shock protein HSP70-2 in spermatogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Eddy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2009.33","article-title":"Life and death partners: apoptosis, autophagy and the cross-talk between them","volume":"16","author":"Eisenberg-Lerner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061170","article-title":"Local actions of melatonin in somatic cells of the testis","volume":"18","author":"Frungieri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1159\/000118032","article-title":"Effect of melatonin on testicular damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats","volume":"40","author":"Guneli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Surg Res"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1984.tb02397.x","article-title":"Role of the pineal in the alteration of hamster Sertoli cell responsiveness to FSH during testicular regression","volume":"5","author":"Heindel","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12110","article-title":"Potential use of melatonin supplementation to protect vitrified testicular grafts from hypoxic-ischaemic damage","volume":"46","author":"Hemadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod61.2.393","article-title":"Role of radical oxygen species in rat testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by heat stress","volume":"61","author":"Ikeda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2005.tb01096.x","article-title":"Overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in transgenic mice accelerates testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by experimental cryptorchidism","volume":"26","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00921.x","article-title":"Melatonin alleviates cadmium-induced cellular stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes","volume":"52","author":"Ji","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00921.x","article-title":"Melatonin alleviates cadmium-induced cellular stress and germ cell apoptosis in testes","volume":"52","author":"Ji","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.072843","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in male germ cell apoptosis in the rat","volume":"80","author":"Jia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2010.07.006","article-title":"Protective effects of melatonin on testicular torsion\/detorsion-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats","volume":"89","author":"Kanter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.075846","article-title":"DAZL is essential for stress granule formation implicated in germ cell survival upon heat stress","volume":"139","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1165-4","article-title":"Heat stress response of male germ cells","volume":"70","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.04.032","article-title":"Testicular hyperthermia induces unfolded protein response signaling activation in spermatocyte","volume":"434","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/8.2.118","article-title":"Xanthine oxidase inhibitors suppress testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by experimental cryptorchidism","volume":"8","author":"Kumagai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.170370","article-title":"Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of infertility: A review of literature","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2016.6792","article-title":"Melatonin ameliorates busulfan-induced spermatogonial stem cell oxidative apoptosis in mouse testes","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-276527","article-title":"Connexin 43 reboots meiosis and reseals blood-testis barrier following toxicant-mediated aspermatogenesis and barrier disruption","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.109405","article-title":"The heat-induced reversible change in the blood-testis barrier (BTB) is regulated by the androgen receptor (AR) via the partitioning-defective protein (Par) polarity complex in the mouse","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.2741\/1983","article-title":"An oligonucleotide microarray study on gene expression profile in mouse testis of experimental cryptorchidism","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.4.6629","article-title":"Single exposure to heat induces stage-specific germ cell apoptosis in rats: role of intratesticular testosterone on stage specificity","volume":"140","author":"Lue","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-0142","article-title":"Functional role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the induction of male germ cell apoptosis, regulation of sperm number, and determination of testes size: Evidence from null mutant mice","volume":"144","author":"Lue","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26322","article-title":"IKK\/NF-kappaB signaling: balancing life and death--a new approach to cancer therapy","volume":"115","author":"Luo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.12.017","article-title":"Melatonin protects mouse spermatogonial stem cells against hexavalent chromium-induced apoptosis and epigenetic histone modification","volume":"340","author":"Lv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref39","first-page":"189","article-title":"Testis and temperature: an historical, clinical, and research perspective","volume":"20","author":"Morgentaler","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0177(199701)208:1<125::AID-AJA12>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Morphological analysis of germ cell apoptosis during postnatal testis development in normal and hsp 70-2 knockout mice","volume":"208","author":"Mori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev Dynam"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62528-X","article-title":"Are boxer shorts really better? A critical analysis of the role of underwear type in male subfertility","volume":"160","author":"Munkelwitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0687-y","article-title":"The effects of melatonin on colonization of neonate spermatogonial mouse stem cells in a three-dimensional soft agar culture system","volume":"8","author":"Navid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2017.1358774","article-title":"In vitro effects of melatonin on colonization of neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells","volume":"63","author":"Navid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2007.03.026","article-title":"Intratesticular injection of a zinc-based solution as a contraceptive for dogs","volume":"68","author":"Oliveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gam089","article-title":"Do heat stress and deficits in DNA repair pathways have a negative impact on male fertility?","volume":"14","author":"Paul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.071779","article-title":"A single, mild, transient scrotal heat stress causes hypoxia and oxidative stress in mouse testes, which induces germ cell death","volume":"80","author":"Paul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.071779","article-title":"A single, mild, transient scrotal heat stress causes hypoxia and oxidative stress in mouse testes, which induces germ cell death","volume":"80","author":"Paul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod53.5.1146","article-title":"Abdominal position of the rat testis is associated with high-level of lipid-peroxidation","volume":"53","author":"Peltola","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2609-7","article-title":"Melatonin as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant: one of evolution's best ideas","volume":"74","author":"Reiter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524015666150505155530","article-title":"Melatonin and male reproductive health: relevance of darkness and antioxidant properties","volume":"15","author":"Rocha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.1.229","article-title":"Effects of hyperthermia on spermatogenesis, apoptosis, gene expression, and fertility in adult male mice","volume":"65","author":"Rockett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2008.00614.x","article-title":"The melatonin metabolite N-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine is a potent singlet oxygen scavenger","volume":"46","author":"Schaefer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref54","first-page":"86","article-title":"Effects of melatonin on testicular tissue nitric oxide level and antioxidant enzyme activities in experimentally induced left varicocele","volume":"24","author":"Semercioz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology Letters"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref55","first-page":"86","article-title":"Effects of melatonin on testicular tissue nitric oxide level and antioxidant enzyme activities in experimentally induced left varicocele","volume":"24","author":"Semercioz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1220255","article-title":"Reduction of long-term effects of local heating of the testis by treatment of rats with a GnRH agonist and an anti-androgen","volume":"122","author":"Setchell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)03105-9","article-title":"Best practice policies for male infertility","volume":"77","author":"Sharlip","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204383","article-title":"AP-1 in cell proliferation and survival","volume":"20","author":"Shaulian","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2009000700006","article-title":"Effect of melatonin and time of administration on irradiation-induced damage to rat testes","volume":"42","author":"Take","year":"2009","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(97)81525-7","article-title":"Effect of increased scrotal temperature on sperm production in normal men","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.06.001","article-title":"JNK1-mediated phosphorylation of BcI-2 regulates starvation-induced autophagy","volume":"30","author":"Wei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0211","article-title":"Melatonin attenuates postovulatory oocyte dysfunction by regulating SIRT1 expression","volume":"156","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02543.x","article-title":"Melatonin and aromatase stimulating activity of human seminal plasma","volume":"23","author":"Yie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref64","first-page":"159","article-title":"Heat stress causes testicular germ cell apoptosis in adult mice","volume":"18","author":"Yin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.09.009","article-title":"Icmart, Who. International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) revised glossary of ART terminology, 2009","volume":"92","author":"Zegers-Hochschild","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref66","article-title":"Autophagy and apoptosis act as partners to induce germ cell death after heat stress in mice","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12497","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12497","article-title":"Melatonin protects prepuberal testis from deleterious effects of bisphenol A or diethylhexyl phthalate by preserving H3K9 methylation","volume":"65","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2018.08.027","article-title":"The influence of retinoic acid-induced differentiation on the radiation response of male germline stem cells","volume":"70","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"2020022823095845500_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1017\/S096719941900011X","article-title":"Surgery-induced cryptorchidism induces apoptosis and autophagy of spermatogenic cells in mice","volume":"27","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zygote"}],"container-title":["Molecular Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/molehr\/gaaa002\/32664660\/gaaa002.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/article-pdf\/26\/2\/65\/32711170\/gaaa002.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/article-pdf\/26\/2\/65\/32711170\/gaaa002.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T02:22:04Z","timestamp":1665368524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/article\/26\/2\/65\/5700789"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/gaaa002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-2407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-2407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,16]]}}}