{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:13:18Z","timestamp":1793236398522,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010699","name":"Monash University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRK 1871"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRK 1871"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["ID1079646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID1079646"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["ID1081987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID1081987"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["ID102026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID102026"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","award":["ID106384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID106384"]}]},{"name":"Victorian Government\u2019s Operational Infrastructure Support Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ascending bacterial urinary tract infections can cause epididymo-orchitis. In the cauda epididymidis, this frequently leads to persistent tissue damage. Less coherent data is available concerning the functional consequences of epididymo-orchitis on testis and caput epididymidis. This in vivo study addresses the functional and spatial differences in responsiveness of murine epididymis and testis to infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Whole transcriptome analysis (WTA) was performed on testis, caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis of adult C57BL\/6\u00a0J wildtype mice. Following UPEC-induced epididymo-orchitis in these mice, epididymal and testicular tissue damage was evaluated histologically and semi-quantitatively at 10\u00a0days and 31\u00a0days post-inoculation. Expression of inflammatory markers and candidate antimicrobial genes were analysed by RT-qPCR. WTA revealed distinct differences in gene signatures between caput and cauda epididymidis, particularly amonst immunity-related genes. Cellular and molecular signs of testicular inflammation and disruption of spermatogenesis were noticed at day 10, but recovery was observed by day 31. In contrast to the cauda, the caput epididymidis did not reveal any signs of gross morphological damage or presence of pro-inflammatory processes despite confirmed infection. In contrast to beta-defensins, known UPEC-associated antimicrobial peptides (AMP), like Lcn2, Camp and Lypd8, were inherently highly expressed or upregulated in the caput following infection, potentially allowing an early luminal protection from UPEC. At the time points investigated, the caput epididymidis was protected from any obvious infection\/inflammation-derived tissue damage. Studies addressing earlier time-points will conclude whether in the caput epididymidis a pro-inflammatory response is indeed not essential for effective protection from UPEC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaaa011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T07:13:15Z","timestamp":1580368395000},"page":"215-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Differential tissue-specific damage caused by bacterial epididymo-orchitis in the mouse"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-069X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britta","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen 35385, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhanshu","family":"Bhushan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig 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Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P","family":"Hedger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3711-2746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Meinhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen 35385, Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, 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