{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T03:52:06Z","timestamp":1779249126703,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea government"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress serves as a key modulator of the inflammatory response by controlling nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-\u03baB) signaling. Previous studies from our laboratory have reported an abnormal induction of ER stress linked to progesterone resistance in human endometriotic cells. Therefore, an aberrant ER stress response to progesterone might contribute to the altered inflammatory response observed in endometriotic tissues. To evaluate this hypothesis, we investigated whether ER stress is involved in regulation of NF-\u03baB in endometrial stromal cells and whether induction of aberrant ER stress in endometriotic stromal cells affects pro-inflammatory cytokine production. We found that tunicamycin-induced ER stress inhibited NF-\u03baB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and COX2) production in TNF-\u03b1- or IL-1\u03b2-treated normal endometrial stromal cells (NECSs). Tunicamycin increased the expression of A20 and C\/EBP\u03b2, which are negative regulators of NF-\u03baB, and this increase inhibited NF-\u03baB activity in NESCs incubated with TNF-\u03b1 or IL-1\u03b2. Similarly, progesterone increased A20 and C\/EBP\u03b2 expression through upregulation of ER stress in NESCs, resulting in inhibition of NF-\u03baB activity and IL-6 and COX2 production. However, progesterone had no significant effects on induction of ER stress, A20 or C\/EBP\u03b2 expression, NF-\u03baB activity or IL-6 or COX2 production in ovarian endometriotic cyst stromal cells (ECSCs). In contrast, upregulation of ER stress by tunicamycin significantly reduced IL-6 and COX2 production by inhibiting NF-\u03baB activity in ECSCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that NF-\u03baB activity in endometriotic stromal cells was not inhibited because of an aberrant ER stress response to progesterone, resulting in an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaab002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T12:43:28Z","timestamp":1611146608000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Nuclear factor-kappa B signaling in endometriotic stromal cells is not inhibited by progesterone owing to an aberrant endoplasmic reticulum stress response: a possible role for an altered inflammatory process in endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"JongYeob","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, 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