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One miRNA present in the stromal cells of normal endometrium is miR-149, which targets poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP-2), a gene involved in endometrial receptivity for trophoblast implantation. However, the precise role of miR-149 in the endometrial receptivity during blastocyst implantation is still unknown. We studied miR-149-dependent PARP-2 regulation during trophoblast attachment to endometrial epithelial cells. Using FISH, we found that miR-149 is expressed in mouse endometrial epithelial and stromal cells at implantation and inter-implantation sites. Endometrial receptivity for embryo implantation and attachment is inhibited by the upregulation of miR-149 in the endometrium. Our RT-PCR analysis revealed downregulation of miR-149 in the implantation region of the uterus during the receptive stage (Day 5, 0500\u2009h, p.c.) in the mouse. Under in-vitro conditions, miR-149 overexpression in human endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs) abrogated the human trophoblastic cells spheroid and mouse blastocyst attachment. Subsequently, miR-149 also regulates transformed human endometrial stromal cell (T-hESCs) decidualization by downregulating PARP-2 and upregulating caspase-8 proteins. Overexpression of miR-149 in hEECs and downregulated PARP-2 protein expression, reconfirming that PARP-2 is a downstream target of miR-149 in endometrial cells as well. miR-149 is also able to alter the expression of caspase-8, another PARP-2 regulator. In conclusion, our data indicate that miR-149 is one of the regulators of endometrial receptivity and decidualization for trophoblast implantation, and it exerts the effects by acting on the downstream targets PARP-2 and caspase-8.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaab039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T19:28:37Z","timestamp":1622230117000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["miRNA-149 targets PARP-2 in endometrial epithelial and stromal cells to regulate the trophoblast attachment process"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Upendra Kumar","family":"Soni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Female Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1003-789X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangappa 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