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So far, why and how neutrophils promote the formation of early endometriosis are still unclear. In this study, using a mouse model of endometriosis, we demonstrated that endometriosis mice (EMs mice) had a significantly increased number of neutrophils in peritoneal fluids and lesions, and increased levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and IL-6 in serum and peritoneal fluids compared to the control group. In the neutrophils and uterine fragments co-injection experiment, neutrophils regulated by G-CSF and IL-6 had a similar effect to neutrophils from EMs mice, increasing the number, area, weight and microvessel density (MVD) of endometriotic lesions. Blocking the effect of G-CSF and IL-6 in EMs mice resulted in a decrease in the number, area and weight of endometriotic lesions. Following the depletion of neutrophils in vivo using a anti-Ly6G antibody, the MVD in the lesions of mice treated with neutrophils from EMs mice and neutrophils from pG\/pI6 mice were significantly reduced. Neutrophils from EMs mice and neutrophils from pG\/pI6 mice altered the expression levels of Mmp9, Bv8 and Trail genes compared to the neutrophils from PBS-treated mice. IL-6 together with G-CSF induced a higher expression of phospho-STAT3 and STAT3 in neutrophils. These findings suggest that neutrophils modulated by G-CSF and IL-6 through the STAT3 pathway alter the expression levels of the angiogenesis-related genes Mmp9, Bv8 and Trail, and may promote the establishment of early endometriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaab064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T19:20:33Z","timestamp":1633980033000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["G-CSF and IL-6 may be involved in formation of endometriosis lesions by increasing the expression of angiogenic factors in neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, The People\u2019s Republic of 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