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However, due to the high heterogeneity of NK cell subsets, their categorization has been controversial. Here, we review previous studies on uterine NK cell subsets, including the classic categorization based on surface markers, functional molecules, and developmental stages, as well as single-cell RNA sequencing-based clustering approaches. In addition, we summarize the potential pathways by which endometrial NK cells differentiate into decidual NK (dNK) cells, as well as the differentiation pathways of various dNK subsets. Finally, we compared the alterations in the NK cell subsets in various pregnancy-associated diseases, emphasizing the possible contribution of specific subsets to the development of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaae040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T16:33:12Z","timestamp":1732206792000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Understanding the heterogeneity of natural killer cells at the maternal\u2013fetal interface: implications for pregnancy health and disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5511-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingtao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2476-2504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongyong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songchen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development , Wuhan,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuye","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longfei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2032-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tailang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1159-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianghui","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive 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