{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:28:11Z","timestamp":1792794491969,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ24H270019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ24H270019"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04aqat463","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82305294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82305294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Traditional Medicine and Technology Program of China","award":["2025ZR173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZR173"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014759","name":"Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025KY158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025KY158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014759","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","award":["2024JKZKTS37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JKZKTS37"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04epb4p87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province \"Small and Strong\" Clinical Innovation Team","award":["CXTD202501052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXTD202501052"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Fund Joint Project","award":["LBY24H040011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LBY24H040011"]}]},{"name":"Key Project of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital","award":["2022FSYYZZ13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FSYYZZ13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spontaneous abortion (SA) is a challenging and frustrating obstetric complication. Immune dysregulation at the mother\u2013fetal interface has long been recognized as a threat to pregnancy maintenance. Decidual macrophages are key gatekeepers for immune homeostasis at the mother\u2013fetal interface, characterized by their heterogeneity and high plasticity. Abnormalities in their number, function, and phenotype are strongly associated with pregnancy loss. However, the specific regulation mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we outline the origin and identity of the endometrial macrophages and review their diverse changes in phenotypes and functions to pregnancy initiation. More importantly, we highlight the underlying mechanisms mediating aberrant changes in macrophage polarization and functions in the context of SA, involving epigenetic landscape dysregulation, metabolic reprogramming, and aberrant communication between macrophages and other component cells at the maternal\u2013fetal interface. Altogether, these provide a clear framework for understanding the crucial roles and prospective therapeutic targets of macrophages in SA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaaf048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T11:46:19Z","timestamp":1759578379000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A review on macrophage biology and its potential role in spontaneous abortion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0848-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Research Institute of Women\u2019s Reproductive Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3976-1982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingnan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xintong","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linxi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaochao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanxiao","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qujia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiya","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3659-9196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuepeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0881-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongli","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4286","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.7.4286","article-title":"Divergent trophoblast responses to bacterial products mediated by TLRs","volume":"173","author":"Abrahams","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2018.12.004","article-title":"Endocrine causes of recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"43","author":"Amrane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(94)03442-V","article-title":"Regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene expression in human endometrial cells in cultures","volume":"107","author":"Arici","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061801","article-title":"Role of human macrophage polarization in inflammation during infectious diseases","volume":"19","author":"Atri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deac240","article-title":"Single-cell profiling reveals mechanisms of uncontrolled inflammation and glycolysis in decidual stromal cell subtypes in recurrent miscarriage","volume":"38","author":"Bao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11040491","article-title":"Infarct in the heart: what\u2019s MMP-9 got to do with it?","volume":"11","author":"Becirovic-Agic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2014.08.011","article-title":"Mitochondria: participation to infertility as source of energy and cause of senescence","volume":"55","author":"Benkhalifa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00606","article-title":"M1\/M2 macrophage polarity in normal and complicated pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061949","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1061949","article-title":"PlGF\/FLT-1 deficiency leads to reduced STAT3-C\/EBP\u03b2 signaling and aberrant polarization in decidual macrophages during early spontaneous abortion","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03288-x","article-title":"The HSP GRP94 interacts with macrophage intracellular complement C3 and impacts M2 profile during ER stress","volume":"12","author":"Chaumonnot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118756752","article-title":"Genome-wide profiling of long noncoding RNA expression patterns in women with repeated implantation failure by RNA sequencing","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01452-1","article-title":"Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2023.108334","article-title":"The association between genital mycoplasma infection and spontaneous abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5216786","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5216786","article-title":"Deletion of ACLY disrupts histone acetylation and IL-10 secretion in trophoblasts, which inhibits M2 polarization of macrophages: a possible role in recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"2022","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.380","article-title":"FKBP5 regulates trophoblast-macrophage crosstalk in recurrent spontaneous abortion through PI3K\/AKT and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways","volume":"209","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2023.04.008","article-title":"Profilin1 regulates trophoblast invasion and macrophage differentiation","volume":"193","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.08.015","article-title":"Histone deacetylase 3 couples mitochondria to drive IL-1\u03b2-dependent inflammation by configuring fatty acid oxidation","volume":"80","author":"Chi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/31.10.653","article-title":"Detection of cytokines at the cartilage\/pannus junction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: implications for the role of cytokines in cartilage destruction and repair","volume":"31","author":"Chu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00539-2","article-title":"Mechanisms, pathways and strategies for rejuvenation through epigenetic reprogramming","volume":"4","author":"Cipriano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-021-01464-x","article-title":"Epigenetic modulation of antitumor immunity for improved cancer immunotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26497","article-title":"Histone methylation and acetylation in macrophages as a mechanism for regulation of inflammatory responses","volume":"233","author":"Daskalaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00228-z","article-title":"Recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"6","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112903","article-title":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in reproductive-related disease: function, regulation and therapeutic effect","volume":"150","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106788","article-title":"Trophoblast-derived IL-6 serves as an important factor for normal pregnancy by activating Stat3-mediated M2 macrophages polarization","volume":"90","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16191","article-title":"M2 macrophage-derived G-CSF promotes trophoblasts EMT, invasion and migration via activating PI3K\/Akt\/Erk1\/2 pathway to mediate normal pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B26","first-page":"2376","article-title":"FasL on decidual macrophages mediates trophoblast apoptosis: a potential cause of recurrent miscarriage","volume":"43","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758281","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.758281","article-title":"Crosstalk between trophoblast and macrophage at the maternal-fetal interface: current status and future perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108208","article-title":"Mitochondrial metabolism mediated macrophage polarization in chronic lung diseases","volume":"239","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00201.x","article-title":"Endometrial and peritoneal macrophages: expression of activation and adhesion molecules","volume":"52","author":"Eidukaite","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2015.09.001","article-title":"Contribution of metabolic reprogramming to macrophage plasticity and function","volume":"27","author":"El Kasmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-100003","article-title":"Immunology of the maternal-fetal interface","volume":"31","author":"Erlebacher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3734","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300490","article-title":"Macrophage-derived IL-33 is a critical factor for placental growth","volume":"191","author":"Fock","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13433","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13433","article-title":"Uterine natural killer cells and recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"86","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.03.014","article-title":"Regulatory T cells, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in women with defective endometrial receptivity","volume":"103","author":"Galgani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.67816","article-title":"Trophoblast-derived lactic acid orchestrates decidual macrophage differentiation via SRC\/LDHA signaling in early pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eade0385","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.ade0385","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 uncouples glycolysis and inflammation in macrophages and controls survival during sepsis","volume":"16","author":"Gauthier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.90","article-title":"Type 2 immunity in tissue repair and fibrosis","volume":"18","author":"Gieseck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.024","article-title":"Tissue-resident macrophage ontogeny and homeostasis","volume":"44","author":"Ginhoux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3427","article-title":"Histone acetylation: molecular mnemonics on the chromatin","volume":"14","author":"Gr\u00e4ff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.62","article-title":"The unfolded protein response in immunity and inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Grootjans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1452","article-title":"Decidual NK cells regulate key developmental processes at the human fetal-maternal interface","volume":"12","author":"Hanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00680-w","article-title":"Engineering IL-2 for immunotherapy of autoimmunity and cancer","volume":"22","author":"Hernandez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.008","article-title":"Sex hormone signaling and regulation of immune function","volume":"56","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00007","article-title":"Endometriosis-associated macrophages: origin, phenotype, and function","volume":"11","author":"Hogg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B45","first-page":"105","article-title":"Decidual macrophages and their roles at the maternal-fetal interface","volume":"85","author":"Houser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003153","article-title":"Two unique human decidual macrophage populations","volume":"186","author":"Houser","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04032-9","article-title":"Chromatin remodeler ARID1A binds IRF3 to selectively induce antiviral interferon production in macrophages","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(96)88352-5","article-title":"Uterine macrophages and environmental programming for pregnancy success","volume":"32","author":"Hunt","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.092494","article-title":"Placental ATPase expression is a link between multiple causes of spontaneous abortion in mice","volume":"85","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-019-00552-7","article-title":"Role of macrophages in pregnancy and related complications","volume":"67","author":"Jena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2012.01181.x","article-title":"A subset of human uterine endometrial macrophages is alternatively activated","volume":"68","author":"Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-018-0008-0","article-title":"Three macrophage subsets are identified in the uterus during early human pregnancy","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00268.x","article-title":"Low serum M-CSF levels are associated with unexplained recurrent abortion","volume":"38","author":"Katano","year":"1997","journal-title":"American J Rep Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090331","article-title":"PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity","volume":"26","author":"Keir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611098104","article-title":"TGFbeta promotes conversion of CD16+ peripheral blood NK cells into CD16\u2212 NK cells with similarities to decidual NK cells","volume":"104","author":"Keskin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1113\/JP280572","article-title":"Regulation of glycolysis by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF): implications for cellular physiology","volume":"599","author":"Kierans","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2023.2128","article-title":"The role of pyruvate metabolism in mitochondrial quality control and inflammation","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2012.01108.x","article-title":"Methylome of fetal and maternal monocytes and macrophages at the feto-maternal interface","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132710","article-title":"IL-17 and Th17 cells","volume":"27","author":"Korn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5414","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105414","article-title":"Interactions between macrophages and mast cells in the female reproductive system","volume":"23","author":"Lampiasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq050","article-title":"Regulation of extravillous trophoblast invasion by uterine natural killer cells is dependent on gestational age","volume":"25","author":"Lash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901362","article-title":"Intrahepatic IL-10 maintains NKG2A+Ly49\u2212 liver NK cells in a functionally hyporesponsive state","volume":"184","author":"Lassen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.83353","article-title":"Histone H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2 regulates apoptotic and inflammatory responses in sepsis-induced AKI","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04899-2","article-title":"Tim-3+ decidual M\u03c6s induced Th2 and Treg bias in decidual CD4+T cells and promoted pregnancy maintenance via CD132","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111071","article-title":"Multi-omics reveals the switch role of abnormal methylation in the regulation of decidual macrophages function in recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"117","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103330","article-title":"Decidual stromal cells support tolerance at the human foetal-maternal interface by inducing regulatory M2 macrophages and regulatory T-cells","volume":"146","author":"Lindau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22247","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101647RR","article-title":"UHRF1 shapes both the trophoblast invasion and decidual macrophage differentiation in early pregnancy","volume":"36","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt125","article-title":"GRIM-19 opposes reprogramming of glioblastoma cell metabolism via HIF1\u03b1 destabilization","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.22.9937","article-title":"ATX-LPA receptor axis in inflammation and cancer","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7690","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16616","article-title":"Histone deacetylase 9 deficiency exaggerates uterine M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012718","article-title":"Diversity, mechanisms, and significance of macrophage plasticity","volume":"15","author":"Locati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1833515","article-title":"Rapamycin prevents spontaneous abortion by triggering decidual stromal cell autophagy-mediated NK cell residence","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.80","article-title":"The DNA methyltransferase family: a versatile toolkit for epigenetic regulation","volume":"19","author":"Lyko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2023.12.009","article-title":"Immune-regulatory properties of endovascular extravillous trophoblast cells in human placenta","volume":"145","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023019782","article-title":"Inhibition of PLK4 remodels histone methylation and activates the immune response via the cGAS-STING pathway in TP53-mutated AML","volume":"142","author":"Man","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.3.1869","article-title":"Endometrial NK cells are special immature cells that await pregnancy1","volume":"181","author":"Manaster","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.09.015","article-title":"The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization","volume":"25","author":"Mantovani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1761","article-title":"The diverse functions of histone lysine methylation","volume":"6","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0135855100","article-title":"Identification of an intracellular receptor for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA): LPA is a transcellular PPAR\u03b3 agonist","volume":"100","author":"McIntyre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118815","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor is produced by peritoneal fluid macrophages in endometriosis and is regulated by ovarian steroids","volume":"98","author":"McLaren","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0417","article-title":"CXCL16\/CXCR6 interaction promotes endometrial decidualization via the PI3K\/AKT pathway","volume":"157","author":"Mei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3105","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.505","article-title":"RANKL-mediated harmonious dialogue between fetus and mother guarantees smooth gestation by inducing decidual M2 macrophage polarization","volume":"8","author":"Meng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100616-060758","article-title":"Rethinking m6A readers, writers, and erasers","volume":"33","author":"Meyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6166","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.12.6166","article-title":"M-1\/M-2 macrophages and the Th1\/Th2 paradigm","volume":"164","author":"Mills","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.064","article-title":"Succinate dehydrogenase supports metabolic repurposing of mitochondria to drive inflammatory macrophages","volume":"167","author":"Mills","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2012.11.001","article-title":"Pregnancy-associated miRNA-clusters","volume":"97","author":"Morales-Prieto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.9.1363","article-title":"Inhibition of T cell proliferation by macrophage tryptophan catabolism","volume":"189","author":"Munn","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5380.1191","article-title":"Prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection by tryptophan catabolism","volume":"281","author":"Munn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309194","article-title":"Abandoning M1\/M2 for a network model of macrophage function","volume":"119","author":"Nahrendorf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2021.05.002","article-title":"Navigating the DNA methylation landscape of cancer","volume":"37","author":"Nishiyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582939","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.582939","article-title":"Macrophages in organ transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Ordikhani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01392-6","article-title":"Macrophages: a double-edged sword in female reproduction and disorders","volume":"57","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170355","article-title":"The fate and lifespan of human monocyte subsets in steady state and systemic inflammation","volume":"214","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44270","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44270","article-title":"Self-renewal and phenotypic conversion are the main physiological responses of macrophages to the endogenous estrogen surge","volume":"7","author":"Pepe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-025-10464-w","article-title":"Hsa-miR-194-5p regulates TRAF6-mediated M1 macrophage apoptosis in recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"56","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Mol Histol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-023-00139-x","article-title":"RNA modification: mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"4","author":"Qiu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Biomed"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0232-6","article-title":"Treg cell-based therapies: challenges and perspectives","volume":"20","author":"Raffin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B99","first-page":"269","article-title":"Engineering ROS-responsive double network hydrogel as bioactive barrier for postoperative abdominal adhesions prevention","volume":"53","author":"Ren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2018.11.010","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophage activation and function in diabetes","volume":"224","author":"Rendra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.07.017","article-title":"GPR30\/GPER-1 mediates rapid decreases in TLR4 expression on murine macrophages","volume":"328","author":"Rettew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4224","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI122182","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in embryo implantation and the immune response to pregnancy","volume":"128","author":"Robertson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(00)00142-4","article-title":"Estrogen regulated proteases and antiproteases in ovarian and breast cancer cells","volume":"76","author":"Rochefort","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2023.10.004","article-title":"Macrophage phenotypes and functions: resolving inflammation and restoring homeostasis","volume":"44","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Morales","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708186","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.708186","article-title":"Macrophages: the good, the bad, and the gluttony","volume":"12","author":"Ross","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/816460","article-title":"Understanding the mysterious M2 macrophage through activation markers and effector mechanisms","volume":"2015","author":"R\u0151szer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.045","article-title":"Dynamic RNA modifications in gene expression regulation","volume":"169","author":"Roundtree","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(02)00011-6","article-title":"Leukocyte networks and human endometrial remodelling","volume":"57","author":"Salamonsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045532","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1045532","article-title":"Dysfunction of CCR1+ decidual macrophages is a potential risk factor in the occurrence of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"13","author":"Sang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2013.08.001","article-title":"Human decidual macrophages suppress IFN-\u03b3 production by T cells through costimulatory B7-H1: PD-1 signaling in early pregnancy","volume":"100","author":"Sayama","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-2052-6","article-title":"The endoplasmic reticulum: structure, function and response to cellular signaling","volume":"73","author":"Schwarz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11635","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11635","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1-PDK1 axis-induced active glycolysis plays an essential role in macrophage migratory capacity","volume":"7","author":"Semba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00790-1","article-title":"Downregulation of EZH2 in trophoblasts induces decidual M1 macrophage polarization: a potential cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"29","author":"Shang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18501-w","article-title":"Histone deacetylase HDA-1 modulates mitochondrial stress response and longevity","volume":"11","author":"Shao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26429","article-title":"Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease","volume":"233","author":"Shapouri-Moghaddam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.55241","article-title":"Ovarian hormones-autophagy-immunity axis in menstruation and endometriosis","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04197-2","article-title":"An imbalance of the IL-33\/ST2-AXL-efferocytosis axis induces pregnancy loss through metabolic reprogramming of decidual macrophages","volume":"79","author":"Sheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337087","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2024.2337087","article-title":"Upregulation of GPR133 expression impaired the phagocytosis of macrophages in recurrent spontaneous miscarriage","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2016.02.004","article-title":"EZH2, an on-off valve in signal network of tumor cells","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.140942","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms regulating Th1 immune responses","volume":"21","author":"Szabo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0712327","article-title":"The importance of the macrophage within the human endometrium","volume":"93","author":"Thiruchelvam","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0059-1","article-title":"Regulation of microRNA biogenesis and its crosstalk with other cellular pathways","volume":"20","author":"Treiber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12509","article-title":"Innate immune system at the maternal\u2013fetal interface: mechanisms of disease and targets of therapy in pregnancy syndromes","volume":"76","author":"Triggianese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2017.03.011","article-title":"M1 macrophages decrease in the decidua from normal pregnancies but not from spontaneous abortions or unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions","volume":"117","author":"Tsao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11918","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1001749107","article-title":"Crosstalk between decidual NK and CD14+ myelomonocytic cells results in induction of Tregs and immunosuppression","volume":"107","author":"Vacca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz018","article-title":"The endometrial immune environment of women with endometriosis","volume":"25","author":"Vallv\u00e9-Juanico","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.03.001","article-title":"Macrophage immunometabolism: where are we (going)?","volume":"38","author":"Van den Bossche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101378","article-title":"Mitochondria: their relevance during oocyte ageing","volume":"70","author":"van der Reest","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2004.02.004","article-title":"Regulation of the lipopolysaccharide signal transduction pathway by 17\u03b2-estradiol in macrophage cells","volume":"91","author":"Vegeto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod62.4.959","article-title":"Human decidual natural killer cells express the receptor for and respond to the cytokine interleukin 15","volume":"62","author":"Verma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B0631183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01462","article-title":"The Metabolic Signature of Macrophage Responses","volume":"10","author":"Viola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111977","article-title":"The human placenta shapes the phenotype of decidual macrophages","volume":"42","author":"Vondra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-015-0139-9","article-title":"Immune phenotypes of microglia in human neurodegenerative disease: challenges to detecting microglial polarization in human brains","volume":"7","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioae005","article-title":"GRIM-19 deficiency promotes macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype partly through glycolysis in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion\u2020","volume":"110","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717370","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.717370","article-title":"Decreased USP2a expression inhibits trophoblast invasion and associates with recurrent miscarriage","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-023-01036-7","article-title":"Intricacies of TGF-\u03b2 signaling in Treg and Th17 cell biology","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.11.001","article-title":"Differential expression profile of long noncoding RNAs in human chorionic villi of early recurrent miscarriage","volume":"464","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7216","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.78467","article-title":"Decorin promotes decidual M1-like macrophage polarization via mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in recurrent pregnancy loss","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191721","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1191721","article-title":"Biogenesis and function of exosome lncRNAs and their role in female pathological pregnancy","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110603","article-title":"PTIP governs NAD+ metabolism by regulating CD38 expression to drive macrophage inflammation","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01099-7","article-title":"Luteolin alters macrophage polarization to inhibit inflammation","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0450","article-title":"Trophoblast-derived hyaluronan promotes the regulatory phenotype of decidual macrophages","volume":"157","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02025","article-title":"T helper (Th) cell profiles in pregnancy and recurrent pregnancy losses: Th1\/Th2\/Th9\/Th17\/Th22\/Tfh cells","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2011.08.004","article-title":"Dysregulation of macrophage activation by decidual regulatory T cells in unexplained recurrent miscarriage patients","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13230","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13230","article-title":"PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on T-cell subsets in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy losses","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-018-0019-x","article-title":"Trophoblast-derived CXCL16 induces M2 macrophage polarization that in turn inactivates NK cells at the maternal-fetal interface","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.02.050","article-title":"M1 and M2 macrophage polarization and potentially therapeutic naturally occurring compounds","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09973","article-title":"TLR signalling augments macrophage bactericidal activity through mitochondrial ROS","volume":"472","author":"West","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3819","article-title":"The role of sex hormones in immune protection of the female reproductive tract","volume":"15","author":"Wira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B151","first-page":"416","article-title":"Molecular, biochemical and functional characterizations of C1q\/TNF family members: adipose-tissue-selective expression patterns, regulation by PPAR-gamma agonist, cysteine-mediated oligomerizations, combinatorial associations and metabolic functions","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111201","article-title":"LncRNA AOC4P recruits TRAF6 to regulate EZH2 ubiquitination and participates in trophoblast glycolysis and M2 macrophage polarization which is associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"125","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2022.103647","article-title":"The miR-410-5p\/ITGA6 axis participates in the pathogenesis of recurrent abortion by regulating the biological function of trophoblast","volume":"152","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00930","article-title":"Developmental and functional control of natural killer cells by cytokines","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B18280124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.105566","article-title":"CTRP6 promotes the macrophage inflammatory response, and its deficiency attenuates LPS-induced inflammation","volume":"300","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.11.001","article-title":"Co-signaling molecules in maternal-fetal immunity","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110840","article-title":"CTRP6 regulates M1 macrophage polarization via the PPAR-\u03b3\/NF-\u03baB pathway and reprogramming glycolysis in recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"124","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.145173","article-title":"Association of MMP2 and MMP9 gene polymorphisms with the recurrent spontaneous abortion: a meta-analysis","volume":"767","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02317","article-title":"Dynamic function and composition changes of immune cells during normal and pathological pregnancy at the maternal-fetal interface","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2022.2039000","article-title":"A defective lysophosphatidic acid-autophagy axis increases miscarriage risk by restricting decidual macrophage residence","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04831-y","article-title":"Trophoblast-derived miR-410-5p induces M2 macrophage polarization and mediates immunotolerance at the fetal-maternal interface by targeting the STAT1 signaling pathway","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaaa035","article-title":"Downregulation of HDAC8 expression decreases CD163 levels and promotes the apoptosis of macrophages by activating the ERK signaling pathway in recurrent spontaneous miscarriage","volume":"26","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00792","article-title":"Macrophage polarization in physiological and pathological pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.108930","article-title":"miR-146a-5p enhances embryo survival in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion by promoting M2 polarization of decidual macrophages","volume":"110","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B165","first-page":"S2090-1232(25)00554-5","article-title":"Reinforced immunotherapy of M1 macrophage-derived exosomes with CEL on TNBC via regulating macrophage functions","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.06.039","article-title":"One-carbon metabolism supports S-adenosylmethionine and histone methylation to drive inflammatory macrophages","volume":"75","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00321","article-title":"Cellular regulation of the uterine microenvironment that enables embryo implantation","volume":"6","author":"Zenclussen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11686","article-title":"The role of macrophages in reproductive-related diseases","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-023-01107-3","article-title":"PARylated PDHE1\u03b1 generates acetyl-CoA for local chromatin acetylation and DNA damage repair","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.17053","article-title":"FTO protein regulates the TGF-\u03b2 signalling pathway through RNA N6-methyladenosine modification to induce unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"291","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B171","first-page":"6811632","article-title":"miR-196a-5p-rich extracellular vesicles from trophoblasts induce M1 polarization of macrophages in recurrent miscarriage","volume":"2022","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702580","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.702580","article-title":"Glucose metabolism: the metabolic signature of tumor associated macrophage","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109473","article-title":"Deletion of Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 participates in the pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion by inhibiting IL-10 secretion and inducing M1 polarization","volume":"114","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey347","article-title":"The role of the PD-1\/PD-L1 axis in macrophage differentiation and function during pregnancy","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.927301","article-title":"Transcription regulation by histone methylation: interplay between different covalent modifications of the core histone tails","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180154","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1180154","article-title":"Decidual macrophages derived NO downregulates PD-L1 in trophoblasts leading to decreased Treg cells in recurrent miscarriage","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B177","first-page":"2869","article-title":"Crosstalk between human endometrial stromal cells and decidual NK cells promotes decidualization in vitro by upregulating IL\u201125","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B178","first-page":"120","article-title":"Modulators of the balance between M1 and M2 macrophages during pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994888","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.994888","article-title":"Decidual macrophages in recurrent spontaneous abortion","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-022-00841-w","article-title":"MEF2C promotes M1 macrophage polarization and Th1 responses","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973930","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.973930","article-title":"Intercellular communication involving macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface may be a pivotal mechanism of URSA: a novel discovery from transcriptomic data","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15819","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415819","article-title":"The N6-methyladenosine regulator ALKBH5 mediated stromal cell-macrophage interaction via VEGF signaling to promote recurrent spontaneous abortion: a bioinformatic and in vitro study","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1870-5","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications of histones in cancer","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1488","article-title":"IL-6 programs TH-17 cell differentiation by promoting sequential engagement of the IL-21 and IL-23 pathways","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabj2488","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj2488","article-title":"Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate prevents pregnancy loss by inducing decidual COX-2 + macrophage differentiation","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.46144","article-title":"MiR-103 protects from recurrent spontaneous abortion via inhibiting STAT1 mediated M1 macrophage polarization","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.12.006","article-title":"N6-methyladenosine in macrophage function: a novel target for metabolic diseases","volume":"34","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025121107222878600_gaaf048-B188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200662","article-title":"Efficient clearance of early apoptotic cells by human macrophages requires M2c polarization and MerTK induction","volume":"189","author":"Zizzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/molehr\/gaaf048\/64539560\/gaaf048.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/article-pdf\/31\/4\/gaaf048\/64539560\/gaaf048.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/article-pdf\/31\/4\/gaaf048\/64539560\/gaaf048.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T12:22:53Z","timestamp":1765455773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/molehr\/gaaf048\/8277014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":186,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/gaaf048","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-9947","1460-2407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-9947","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"gaaf048"}}