{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T02:47:58Z","timestamp":1793242078717,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":139,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Nurture Foundation and the Maurice Phyllis Paykel Trust"},{"name":"University of Auckland Postgraduate Honours Scholarship"},{"name":"James Hodge Maurice & Phyllis Paykel Trust Research"},{"name":"University of Auckland Research Development Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maternal obesity is complicating an increasing number of pregnancies globally and is associated with a heightened risk of adverse obstetric and fetal outcomes. The placenta, which mediates maternal\u2013fetal exchange, is postulated to be a key mediator of these outcomes. The development of the extensively branched placental vascular network, driven by spatial and temporal regulation of angiogenic cues, is critical to ensure efficient exchange capacity. In maternal obesity, the placenta exhibits lipotoxicity, inflammation, and a range of cellular stresses, which may impair angiogenic signalling and endothelial metabolism, thereby disrupting vascular development. Understanding the timing and nature of obesity-induced disruptions to placental vascular development is important to improve clinical monitoring, inform the development of targeted interventions to improve fetal outcomes, and reduce obesity-associated pregnancy complications. This review synthesizes the current literature on the impact of maternal obesity on the placental vasculature, considering how changes in vascular architecture, angiogenic factors, and endothelial cell metabolism intersect to lead to dysfunction. Furthermore, we propose a conceptual framework to explain how distinct combinations of placental alterations may underlie the heightened risk of divergent fetal growth outcomes (both pathologically large and small babies) commonly observed in obese pregnancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaag002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T12:28:23Z","timestamp":1768307303000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The impact of obesity on placental vascular development and function"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Isha","family":"Ramanlal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland , Auckland,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna L","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland , Auckland,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1943-4162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna L","family":"Boss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland , Auckland,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.08.009","article-title":"Increased glucose and placental GLUT-1 in large infants of obese nondiabetic mothers","volume":"212","author":"Acosta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-1027-9","article-title":"Met-Flow, a strategy for single-cell metabolic analysis highlights dynamic changes in immune subpopulations","volume":"3","author":"Ahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3109\/08977199509036883","article-title":"Colocalisation of vascular endothelial growth factor and its Flt-1 receptor in human placenta","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"1995","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1038\/nm884","article-title":"Role of PlGF in the intra- and intermolecular cross talk between the VEGF receptors Flt1 and Flk1","volume":"9","author":"Autiero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.116186","article-title":"Increasing maternal body mass index is associated with systemic inflammation in the mother and the activation of distinct placental inflammatory Pathways1","volume":"90","author":"Aye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.03.006","article-title":"Placental maternal and fetal vascular circulation in healthy non-obese and metabolically healthy obese pregnant women","volume":"260","author":"Bar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14421","article-title":"Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Barber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.215","article-title":"Pregravid obesity associates with increased maternal endotoxemia and metabolic inflammation","volume":"19","author":"Basu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2022.100614","article-title":"High early pregnancy body mass index is associated with alterations in first- and second-trimester angiogenic biomarkers","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2023.10.011","article-title":"Placental pathologic features in obesity","volume":"144","author":"Beneventi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70053","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.70053","article-title":"Maternal and cord blood lipids in pregnant women with obesity and their impact on neonatal and placental biometric features","volume":"11","author":"Beneventi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev070","article-title":"Early pregnancy maternal and fetal angiogenic factors and fetal and childhood growth: the Generation R Study","volume":"30","author":"Bergen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B14","first-page":"79","article-title":"Utero-placental (vascular) development throughout pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: the Rotterdam periconceptional cohort","volume":"6","author":"Berns","year":"2025","journal-title":"F S Rep"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.10.013","article-title":"The role of obesity and gestational diabetes on placental size and fetal oxygenation","volume":"103","author":"Bianchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20220479","article-title":"Human placental lipid content and lipid metabolic enzyme abundance in obesity and across gestation","volume":"136","author":"Bidne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.07.010","article-title":"ER stress and angiogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Binet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a006569","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006569","article-title":"VEGF and Notch in tip and stalk cell selection","volume":"3","author":"Blanco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00124-9","article-title":"Placental ratio in pregnancies at different risk for intrauterine growth","volume":"80","author":"Bortolus","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gaad041","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaad041","article-title":"Human placental vascular and perivascular cell heterogeneity differs between first trimester and term, and in pregnancies affected by foetal growth restriction","volume":"29","author":"Boss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-02807-8","volume-title":"The Human Placenta","author":"Boyd","year":"1970"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2022.05.013","article-title":"Maternal obesity: new placental paradigms unfolded","volume":"28","author":"Brombach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00152","article-title":"Effect of maternal obesity on placental lipid metabolism","volume":"158","author":"Calabuig-Navarro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.12.010","article-title":"Obesity in pregnancy stimulates macrophage accumulation and inflammation in the placenta","volume":"29","author":"Challier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2003.10.004","article-title":"Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. I. Molecular regulation","volume":"25","author":"Charnock-Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.125243","article-title":"Decreased vascularization and cell proliferation in placentas of intrauterine growth\u2013restricted fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery flow velocity waveforms","volume":"187","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-017-0971-5","article-title":"A positive circuit of VEGF increases Glut-1 expression by increasing HIF-1\u03b1 gene expression in human retinal endothelial cells","volume":"40","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.06.018","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in serum proinflammatory markers across pregnancy and postpartum: effects of maternal body mass index","volume":"70","author":"Christian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396314666180712114531","article-title":"Neonatal and long-term consequences of fetal growth restriction","volume":"14","author":"Colella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-020-0561-3","article-title":"Impact of maternal obesity on placental transcriptome and morphology associated with fetal growth restriction in mice","volume":"44","author":"de Barros Mucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2003.11.011","article-title":"Sequential expression of VEGF and its receptors in human placental villi during very early pregnancy: differences between placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis","volume":"25","author":"Demir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-015-0825-3","article-title":"Impact of HIGH BMI on pregnancy: maternal and foetal outcome","volume":"66","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.2337\/dci17-0045","article-title":"The human placenta in diabetes and obesity: friend or foe? The 2017 Norbert Frenkel award lecture","volume":"41","author":"Desoye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.121798","article-title":"The role of placental nutrient sensing in maternal-fetal resource allocation","volume":"91","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.098095","article-title":"Modulation of fatty acid transport and metabolism by maternal obesity in the human full-term placenta1","volume":"87","author":"Dub\u00e9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-011-1302-3","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in the placenta of pregnant women with obesity","volume":"151","author":"Dubova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00001.2017","article-title":"Endothelial cell metabolism","volume":"98","author":"Eelen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20995","article-title":"Boys live dangerously in the womb","volume":"22","author":"Eriksson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Human Biol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12833","article-title":"Maternal vascular malperfusion of the placental bed","volume":"126","author":"Ernst","year":"2018","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.02.004","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in the effect of maternal obesity on antioxidant defense mechanisms in the human placenta","volume":"51","author":"Evans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.06.007","article-title":"Feto-placental adaptations to maternal obesity in the baboon","volume":"30","author":"Farley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20120","article-title":"Adiposity-related inflammation: effects of pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"Friis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277353","article-title":"High-fat diet intake modulates maternal intestinal adaptations to pregnancy and results in placental hypoxia, as well as altered fetal gut barrier proteins and immune markers","volume":"597","author":"Gohir","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.11.565","article-title":"The role of aspirin, heparin, and other interventions in the prevention and treatment of fetal growth restriction","volume":"218","author":"Groom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2004.06.038","article-title":"Growth and function of the normal human placenta","volume":"114","author":"Gude","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0918","article-title":"Placental growth from the first to the second trimester of pregnancy in SGA-foetuses and pre-eclamptic pregnancies compared to normal foetuses","volume":"24","author":"Hafner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4074","article-title":"Patterns of adiponectin expression in term pregnancy: impact of obesity","volume":"99","author":"Haghiac","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33370","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033370","article-title":"Adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes associated with a life-long high fat diet: role of altered development of the placental vasculature","volume":"7","author":"Hayes","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.188","article-title":"Maternal obesity modulates intracellular lipid turnover in the human term placenta","volume":"41","author":"Hirschmugl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"gaae027","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaae027","article-title":"Obesity-associated non-oxidative genotoxic stress alters trophoblast turnover in human first-trimester placentas","volume":"30","author":"Hoch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2023.05.015","article-title":"The impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on placental histopathology patterns in in-vitro fertilization singleton live births","volume":"139","author":"Hochberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17752","article-title":"Prediction of preterm birth in growth-restricted and appropriate-for-gestational-age infants using maternal PlGF and the sFlt-1\/PlGF ratio-A prospective study","volume":"131","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481592","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2481592","article-title":"Maternal diet-induced obesity compromises oxidative stress status and angiogenesis in the porcine placenta by upregulating Nox2 expression","volume":"2019","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.05.006","article-title":"Maternal prepregnancy obesity is associated with higher risk of placental pathological lesions","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02778","article-title":"Insulin stimulates GLUT4 trafficking to the syncytiotrophoblast basal plasma membrane in the human placenta","volume":"104","author":"James-Allan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00173-y","article-title":"Changes in placental nutrient transporter protein expression and activity across gestation in normal and obese women","volume":"27","author":"James-Allan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13346","article-title":"Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on fetal vessels among obese pregnant women","volume":"151","author":"Janbakhishov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2667","article-title":"Activation of placental mTOR signaling and amino acid transporters in obese women giving birth to large babies","volume":"98","author":"Jansson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10866","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910866","article-title":"Maternal obesity alters placental and umbilical cord plasma oxidative stress, a cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Jantape","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B59","author":"Jiang","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2023.01.012","article-title":"Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.07.013","article-title":"Fetoplacental vascular alterations associated with fetal growth restriction","volume":"35","author":"Junaid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.12.008","article-title":"Review: sexual dimorphism in the formation, function and adaptation of the placenta","volume":"54","author":"Kalisch-Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-024-03228-5","article-title":"The influence of endothelial metabolic reprogramming on the tumor microenvironment","volume":"44","author":"Kane","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2003.10.009","article-title":"Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. II. Changes during normal pregnancy","volume":"25","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20190266","article-title":"Placental function in maternal obesity","volume":"134","author":"Kelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B66","first-page":"2401","article-title":"Global trends in prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of routinely collected data retrospective cohorts","volume":"9","author":"Kent","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Popul Data Sci"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B67","first-page":"e22711","article-title":"Obesity: a chronic low-grade inflammation and its markers","volume":"14","author":"Khanna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041180","article-title":"Adiponectin: structure, physiological functions, role in diseases, and effects of nutrition","volume":"13","author":"Khoramipour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115592712","article-title":"The effect of maternal obesity on pregnancy outcome in correlation with placental pathology","volume":"22","author":"Kovo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179827","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/179827","article-title":"Regulation of nutrient transport across the placenta","volume":"2012","author":"Lager","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pregnancy"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2016.02.010","article-title":"Protein expression of fatty acid transporter 2 is polarized to the trophoblast basal plasma membrane and increased in placentas from overweight\/obese women","volume":"40","author":"Lager","year":"2016","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1438","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1210","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia stimulates angiogenesis of human fetoplacental endothelial cells: a possible role of insulin in placental hypervascularization in diabetes mellitus","volume":"98","author":"Lassance","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.12.006","article-title":"Maternal obesity and sex-specific differences in placental pathology","volume":"38","author":"Leon-Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041213","article-title":"Maternal obesity and risk of low birth weight, fetal growth restriction, and macrosomia: multiple analyses","volume":"13","author":"Lewandowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2018.10.001","article-title":"New perspectives on placental fatty acid transfer","volume":"138","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12010087","article-title":"Human placental endothelial cell and trophoblast heterogeneity and differentiation revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706978","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.706978","article-title":"Obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1636371","article-title":"Placental weight and size in relation to fetal growth restriction: a case-control study","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.01.020","article-title":"Maternal obesity increases the risk of fetal cardiac dysfunction via visceral adipose tissue derived exosomes","volume":"105","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-024-07462-w","article-title":"Maternal obesity and placental function: impaired maternal-fetal axis","volume":"309","author":"Louwen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.03.010","article-title":"Oxidative stress and maternal obesity: feto-placental unit interaction","volume":"35","author":"Malti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2003.10.010","article-title":"Aspects of human fetoplacental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. III. Changes in complicated pregnancies","volume":"25","author":"Mayhew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e419","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00025.2014","article-title":"Impaired mitochondrial function in human placenta with increased maternal adiposity","volume":"307","author":"Mele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B84","first-page":"549","article-title":"Aspects of placental morphogenesis and angiogenesis","volume":"50","author":"Mihu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.172","article-title":"The influence of overweight and obesity on longitudinal trends in maternal serum leptin levels during pregnancy","volume":"19","author":"Misra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284139","article-title":"Obesity and gestational diabetes independently and collectively induce specific effects on placental structure, inflammation and endocrine function in a cohort of South African women","volume":"601","author":"Musa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162511","article-title":"Endothelial cell dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a concise review","volume":"11","author":"Nasiri-Ansari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1880","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa660","article-title":"Maternal obesity influences placental nutrient transport, inflammatory status, and morphology in human term placenta","volume":"106","author":"Nogues","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47298-5","article-title":"Placenta growth factor. Potentiation of vascular endothelial growth factor bioactivity, in vitro and in vivo, and high affinity binding to Flt-1 but not to Flk-1\/KDR","volume":"269","author":"Park","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L513","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00274.2009","article-title":"Critical role for lactate dehydrogenase A in aerobic glycolysis that sustains pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell proliferation","volume":"299","author":"Parra-Bonilla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-025-01162-x","article-title":"Endothelial cell metabolism in cardiovascular physiology and disease","volume":"22","author":"Pasut","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12674","article-title":"Maternal obesity and inflammatory mediators: a controversial association","volume":"77","author":"Pendeloski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-1221","article-title":"Maternal obesity inhibits placental angiogenesis by down-regulating the SIRT1\/PGC-1\u03b1 pathway","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"j2563","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j2563","article-title":"Risk of major congenital malformations in relation to maternal overweight and obesity severity: cohort study of 1.2 million singletons","volume":"357","author":"Persson","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1159\/000257490","article-title":"Changes in human endothelial cell energy metabolic capacities during in vitro cultivation. The role of \u201caerobic glycolysis\u201d and proliferation","volume":"24","author":"Peters","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.108887","article-title":"Hypoperfusion causes increased production of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the isolated, dually perfused placental cotyledon","volume":"183","author":"Pierce","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2014.01.012","article-title":"Maternal short-chain fatty acids are associated with metabolic parameters in mothers and newborns","volume":"164","author":"Priyadarshini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.318271","article-title":"Dach1 extends artery networks and protects against cardiac injury","volume":"129","author":"Raftrey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4231","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020311","article-title":"Maternal obesity is associated with dysregulation of metabolic, vascular, and inflammatory pathways","volume":"87","author":"Ramsay","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24040-9","article-title":"Obesity downregulates lipid metabolism genes in first trimester placenta","volume":"12","author":"Rasool","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3954","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1593362","article-title":"Placental expression of angiogenesis-related genes and their receptors in IUGR pregnancies: correlation with fetoplacental and maternal parameters","volume":"33","author":"Ravikumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.12.023","article-title":"Placental structure and inflammation in pregnancies associated with obesity","volume":"32","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.11.019","article-title":"Effect of increasing maternal body mass index on oxidative and nitrative stress in the human placenta","volume":"30","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3425","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1573222","article-title":"Relation between pregestational obesity and characteristics of the placenta","volume":"33","author":"Rosado-Y\u00e9pez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21165","article-title":"Increased placental nutrient transport in a novel mouse model of maternal obesity with fetal overgrowth","volume":"23","author":"Rosario","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.01.003","article-title":"Maternal obesity is associated with a lipotoxic placental environment","volume":"35","author":"Saben","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2024.07.002","article-title":"Effects of different PCOS phenotypes on placental three-dimensional power Doppler indices and placental volume during the first trimester","volume":"154","author":"Sahin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-019-01819-y","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase and VEGF expression in full-term placentas of obese women","volume":"152","author":"Salvolini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9770","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119770","article-title":"Human placental adaptive changes in response to maternal obesity: sex specificities","volume":"24","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2024.12.015","article-title":"The maternal body mass index and first-trimester placental (vascular) development","volume":"160","author":"Schenkelaars","year":"2025","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14362","article-title":"Fatty acid carbon is essential for dNTP synthesis in endothelial cells","volume":"520","author":"Schoors","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2021.02.005","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcomes associated with large for gestational age birth weight","volume":"48","author":"Scifres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.06.009","article-title":"The distribution of angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 and their receptors Tie-1 and Tie-2 in the very early human placenta","volume":"29","author":"Seval","year":"2008","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3109\/08977199409001052","article-title":"Localization of mRNA for basic fibroblast growth factor in human placenta","volume":"11","author":"Shams","year":"1994","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-05798-2","article-title":"NRP1 interacts with endoglin and VEGFR2 to modulate VEGF signaling and endothelial cell sprouting","volume":"7","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2019-318063","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and childhood obesity","volume":"106","author":"Shaunak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2023.08.001","article-title":"Sex-specific impact of maternal obesity on fetal placental macrophages and cord blood triglycerides","volume":"140","author":"Shook","year":"2023","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06673-3","article-title":"Placental diabesity: placental VEGF and CD31 expression according to pregestational BMI and gestational weight gain in women with gestational diabetes","volume":"307","author":"Sirico","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277698","article-title":"Exercise prevents the adverse effects of maternal obesity on placental vascularization and fetal growth","volume":"597","author":"Son","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy010","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity alters the maternal metabolome and early placenta transcriptome and decreases placenta vascularity in the mouse","volume":"98","author":"Stuart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200111270-00008","article-title":"effect of ischemia-reperfusion injury on the microcirculation of the steatotic liver of the Zucker rat","volume":"72","author":"Sun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2430543","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.30543","article-title":"Growth restriction in the offspring of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Talmo","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14811","article-title":"Serum placental growth factor in the three trimesters of pregnancy: effects of maternal characteristics and medical history","volume":"45","author":"Tsiakkas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-019-09694-w","article-title":"Reconciling the distinct roles of angiogenic\/anti-angiogenic factors in the placenta and maternal circulation of normal and pathological pregnancies","volume":"23","author":"Umapathy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2021.10.005","article-title":"Impact of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index on maternal, fetal and neonatal adverse outcomes in the worldwide populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Vats","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54098-x","article-title":"Obesity during pregnancy results in maternal intestinal inflammation, placental hypoxia, and alters fetal glucose metabolism at mid-gestation","volume":"9","author":"Wallace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12380","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.008680","article-title":"Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and the electron transport chain comprise a multifunctional mitochondrial protein complex","volume":"294","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01924","article-title":"The impact of infection in pregnancy on placental vascular development and adverse birth outcomes","volume":"10","author":"Weckman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2016.05.001","article-title":"Mutually supportive mechanisms of inflammation and vascular remodeling","volume":"326","author":"Whiteford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293271","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/293271","article-title":"Oxidative stress in placenta: health and diseases","volume":"2015","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.318805","article-title":"Immunometabolic endothelial phenotypes: integrating inflammation and glucose metabolism","volume":"129","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-018-0936-y","article-title":"Intrauterine inflammation damages placental angiogenesis via Wnt5a-Flt1 activation","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639613","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2025.1639613","article-title":"Editorial: innovative tumor therapies: targeting angiogenesis and metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1397119","article-title":"Fatty acid transporter expression and regulation is impaired in placental macrovascular endothelial cells in obese women","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Mater-Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B135","first-page":"300","article-title":"Effect of maternal obesity on fetal growth and expression of placental fatty acid transporters","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/10408444.2021.1977237","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in placental development and its contribution to health and diseases","volume":"51","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.02.002","article-title":"Placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and fetal outcomes in maternal obesity","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.02.002","article-title":"Maternal obesity up-regulates inflammatory signaling pathways and enhances cytokine expression in the mid-gestation sheep placenta","volume":"31","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026021307412054400_gaag002-B139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00168-4","article-title":"Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in pregnancy","volume":"110","author":"Zygmunt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Euro J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Human Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/molehr\/gaag002\/66402074\/gaag002.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/article-pdf\/32\/1\/gaag002\/66402074\/gaag002.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/article-pdf\/32\/1\/gaag002\/66402074\/gaag002.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:41:44Z","timestamp":1770986504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/molehr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/molehr\/gaag002\/8424929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":139,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/gaag002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-9947","1460-2407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-9947","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"gaag002"}}