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Watkins Endowment"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Reproductive aging in females is characterized by the irreversible depletion of ovarian follicles, yet the structure and function of the post-reproductive ovary remain poorly defined. Using paired histological and bulk transcriptomic analyses of ovaries from reproductively young (2\u2009m), reproductively old (18\u2009m), and post-reproductive (24\u2009m) mice, we mapped how ovarian identity evolves beyond follicle exhaustion. As expected, follicle loss, stromal remodeling, and increased collagen deposition were observed in the reproductively old and post-reproductive cohorts. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a shift from reproductive functionality to an immune-dominant signature with age. Correspondingly, post-reproductive ovaries exhibited increased infiltration of T cells, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. Although old and post-reproductive ovaries diverged substantially from young ovaries, they also showed discrete transcriptomic differences, indicating that the ovary continues to undergo molecular changes after reproductive senescence. Lastly, age-dependent changes in ovarian factors that are predicted to be secreted suggest that the post-reproductive ovary could be a source of pro-inflammatory signaling mediators with the potential to modulate extra-ovarian tissues. These findings challenge the assumption that the post-reproductive ovary is inert, instead indicating that it acquires an immune identity with potential endocrine and paracrine influence on whole-body aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaag038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T11:49:42Z","timestamp":1781092182000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The post-reproductive ovary shifts from a reproductive to an immune-like organ"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4203-1687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aubrey","family":"Converse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta S","family":"Dipali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian P","family":"Schowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmett B","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivani S","family":"Jambunathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, 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