{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:07:05Z","timestamp":1792786025690,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012151","name":"Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SZSM201612083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZSM201612083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grant Council","award":["17105214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17105214"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Research Grant Council","award":["17116417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17116417"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human spermatozoa can fertilize an oocyte only after post-testicular maturation and capacitation. These processes involve dynamic modification and reorganization of the sperm plasma membrane, which allow them to bind to the zona pellucida (ZP) of the oocyte. Defective sperm-ZP binding is one of the major causes of male subfertility. Galectin-3 is a secretory lectin in human seminal plasma well known for its action on cell adhesion. The aim of this study was to determine the role of galectin-3 in spermatozoa-ZP interaction and its association with fertilization rate in clinical assisted reproduction. Our studies revealed that the acrosomal region of ejaculated and capacitated spermatozoa possess strong galectin-3 immunoreactivity, which is much stronger than that of epididymal spermatozoa. Expression of galectin-3 can also be detected on seminal plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and can be transferred to the sperm surface. Blocking of sperm surface galectin-3 function by antibody or carbohydrate substrate reduced the ZP-binding capacity of spermatozoa. Purified galectin-3 is capable of binding to ZP, indicating that galectin-3 may serve as a cross-linking bridge between ZP glycans and sperm surface glycoproteins. Galectin-3 levels in seminal plasma-derived EVs were positively associated with fertilization rates. These results suggest that galectin-3 in EVs is transferred to the sperm surface during post-testicular maturation and plays a crucial role in spermatozoa-ZP binding after capacitation. Reduced galectin-3 expression in seminal plasma-derived EVs may be a cause behind a low fertilization rate. Further studies with more clinical samples are required to confirm the relationship between galectin-3 levels and IVF outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaz030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T07:39:53Z","timestamp":1559633993000},"page":"458-470","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The role of galectin-3 in spermatozoa-zona pellucida binding and its association with fertilization in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Si","family":"Mei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheuk-Lun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hostpital, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin K W","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hostpital, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pak-Chung","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hostpital, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S B","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hostpital, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6217-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip C N","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"},{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hostpital, Shenzhen, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019091013291819200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10841","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M312834200","article-title":"Galectin-3 precipitates as a pentamer with synthetic multivalent carbohydrates and forms heterogeneous cross-linked complexes","volume":"279","author":"Ahmad","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2019091013291819200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1023\/B:GLYC.0000014088.21242.e0","article-title":"Galectins as inflammatory mediators","volume":"19","author":"Almkvist","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glycoconj J"},{"key":"2019091013291819200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)02586-8","article-title":"Thermodynamic analysis of the binding of galactose and poly-N-acetyllactosamine derivatives to human 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