{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T22:14:52Z","timestamp":1772576092170,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Flemish Foundation of Scientific Research","award":["FWO-Vlaanderen G051516N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWO-Vlaanderen G051516N"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie","award":["IWT 131673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IWT 131673"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/78689\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/78689\/2011"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BOF GOA 01G01112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF GOA 01G01112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BOF 01D08114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF 01D08114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Our current knowledge of the mechanisms leading to human primordial germ cell (PGC) specification stems solely from differentiation experiments starting from human pluripotent stem cells. However, information regarding the origin of PGCs in vivo remains obscure. Here we apply an improved system for extended in vitro culture of human embryos to investigate the presence of PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) 12 days post fertilization (dpf). Good quality blastocysts (n\u2009=\u2009141) were plated at 6\u00a0dpf and maintained in hypoxia, in medium supplemented with Activin A until 12\u00a0dpf. We primarily reveal that 12\u00a0dpf outgrowths recapitulate human peri-implantation events and demonstrate that blastocyst quality significantly impacts both embryo viability at 12\u00a0dpf, as well as the presence of POU5F1+ cells within viable outgrowths. Moreover, detailed examination of 12\u00a0dpf blastocyst outgrowths revealed a population of POU5F1+, SOX2\u2013 and SOX17+ cells that may correspond to PGCLCs, alongside POU5F1+ epiblast-like cells and GATA6+ endoderm-like cells. Our findings suggest that, in human, PGC precursors may become specified within the epiblast and migrate either transiently to the extra-embryonic mesoderm or directly to the dorsal part of the yolk sac endoderm around 12\u00a0dpf. This is a descriptive analysis and as such the conclusion that POU5F1+ and SOX17+ cells represent bona fide PGCs can only be considered as preliminary. In the future, other PGC markers may be used to further validate the observed cell populations. Overall, our findings provide insights into the origin of the human germline and may serve as a foundation to further unravel the molecular mechanisms governing PGC specification in human.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaz035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T15:10:29Z","timestamp":1560784229000},"page":"519-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Human blastocyst outgrowths recapitulate primordial germ cell specification events"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mina","family":"Popovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Bialecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Gomes Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasin","family":"Taelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Van Der Jeught","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"De Sutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Heindryckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3866-2803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana M","family":"Chuva De Sousa Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent Fertility And Stem cell Team (G-FAST), Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019102107390598200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmi006","article-title":"Fertility and ageing","volume":"11","author":"Baird","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"2019102107390598200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2011.06.015","article-title":"BRACHYURY and CDX2 mediate BMP-induced differentiation of human and mouse pluripotent stem cells into embryonic and extraembryonic lineages","volume":"9","author":"Bernardo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2019102107390598200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201600025","article-title":"Germline development in amniotes: a paradigm shift in primordial germ cell 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