{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T14:40:28Z","timestamp":1784990428924,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"diagnostic guidance for nr-axSpA in Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This nationwide study aimed to reveal the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-ax SpA), and the positivity rate of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) among such patients in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The first survey was conducted in 2221 randomly selected facilities (26.3%) in September 2018, where the patients with AS\/nr-ax SpA were taken care of from January to December 2017. We estimated the total number of these patients using response and extraction rates. A second survey was conducted in 117 facilities (49.8%) to assess for HLA-B27 positivity rate and clinical features.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The estimated total numbers of the patients with AS and nr-ax SpA were 3200 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2400\u20133900) and 800 (530\u20131100), suggesting that the prevalence values of AS and nr-ax SpA in general population were 2.6\/100,000 (0.0026%) and 0.6\/100,000 (0.0006%), respectively. Although 55.5% (76\/137) of patients with AS were HLA-B27-positive, those whose age of onset was estimated to be over 50\u2009years tended to undergo less HLA-B27 testing.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study revealed the lower prevalence of AS\/nr-ax SpA in Japan, compared to those in other countries. Further studies are required to reveal the association of HLA-B27 with the clinical features.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roab096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T18:25:52Z","timestamp":1636568752000},"page":"960-967","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A nationwide questionnaire survey on the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4593-2066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University , Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosikazu","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical University , Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideto","family":"Kameda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Otomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsumasa","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuho","family":"Kadono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saitama Medical University , Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeyoshi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Osaka Minami Medical Center , Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Atsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Matsuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Matsuno Clinic for Rheumatic Diseases , Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiaki","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine , Yamagata, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeto","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital , Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keishi","family":"Fujio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihiro","family":"Nishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Regulation for Intractable Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Osaka Rheumatology Clinic , Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nami","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College , Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Mie University Hospital , Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Yamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rheumatology, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital , Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuharu","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyushu University , Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Biomaterial Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082013391921300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12579","article-title":"Comparison of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) from a single rheumatology clinic in New Delhi","volume":"18","author":"Malaviya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2022082013391921300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39542","article-title":"Progression of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis to ankylosing spondylitis: a population-based cohort study","volume":"68","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis 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