{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T10:38:03Z","timestamp":1785235083111,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to outline the demographic data, clinical spectrum, and treatment approach of sarcoidosis in a large group of patients and sought to figure out the variations of early-onset (EOS) and late-onset paediatric sarcoidosis (LOS).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study followed a retrospective-descriptive design, with the analysis of medical records of cases diagnosed as paediatric sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty-two patients were included in the study. The median age at disease onset and follow-up duration were 83 (28.2\u2013119) and 24 (6\u201348) months, respectively. Ten (19.2%) cases had EOS (before 5th birthday) and 42 (80.7%) cases had LOS. The most common clinical findings at the time of the disease onset were ocular symptoms (40.4%) followed by joint manifestation (25%), dermatological symptoms (13.5%), and features related to multi-organ involvement (11.5%). Anterior uveitis was the most common (55%) one among ocular manifestations. Patients with EOS displayed joint, eye, and dermatological findings more commonly than patients with LOS. The recurrence rate of disease in patients with EOS (5.7%) and LOS (21.1%) were not statistically different (P\u2009=\u2009.7).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with EOS and LOS may present with variable clinical features and studies addressing paediatric sarcoidosis cases in collaboration between disciplines will enhance the awareness of this rare disease among physicians and assist early diagnosis with lesser complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/road050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T14:03:20Z","timestamp":1685196200000},"page":"639-645","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A clinical overview of\u00a0paediatric sarcoidosis: Multicentre experience from Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Vafa","family":"Guliyeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma Gul","family":"Demirkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramazan Emre","family":"Yi\u011fit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, \u00dcmraniye Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Science , Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Esen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University , Kayseri, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yagmur","family":"Bay\u0131nd\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe School of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruya","family":"Torun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University , \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulsah","family":"K\u0131lbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Pamukkale Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University , Denizli, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Gezgin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Gazi Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulcin","family":"Otar Yener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital , Sanliurfa, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Cakan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, \u00dcmraniye Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Science , Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferhat","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Acibadem Hospital , Istanbul,T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00fcbra","family":"\u00d6zturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, G\u00f6ztepe Prof. Dr. S\u00fcleyman Yal\u00e7\u0131n City Hospital , Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Baglan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Research and Training Hospital , Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selcuk","family":"Yuksel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Pamukkale Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University , Denizli, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevcan A","family":"Bakkaloglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Gazi Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University , Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balahan","family":"Bora Makay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University , \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fenur","family":"Pa\u00e7 K\u0131saarslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Erciyes School of Medicine, Erciyes University , Kayseri, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merih","family":"Oray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yelda","family":"Bilginer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe School of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rukiye","family":"Eker \u00d6mero\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seza","family":"Ozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe School of Medicine, Hacettepe University , Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betul","family":"Sozeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, \u00dcmraniye Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Science , Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3594-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuray","family":"Aktay Ayaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032817140861900_R1","first-page":"149","article-title":"ATS\/ERS\/WASOG statement on\u00a0sarcoidosis. American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society\/World Association of\u00a0Sarcoidosis and\u00a0other Granulomatous Disorders","volume":"16","author":"Hunninghake","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Paediatric sarcoidosis","volume":"29","author":"Nathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R3","article-title":"Pediatric sarcoidosis: a review with emphasis on\u00a0early onset and\u00a0high-risk sarcoidosis and\u00a0diagnostic challenges","volume":"9","author":"Chiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-6-16","article-title":"Childhood sarcoidosis: a rare but fascinating disorder","volume":"6","author":"Shetty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb00670.x","article-title":"Childhood sarcoidosis in\u00a0Denmark 1979\u20131994: incidence, clinical features and\u00a0laboratory results at presentation in\u00a048 children","volume":"93","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009096","article-title":"Racial differences in\u00a0sarcoidosis incidence: a 5-year study in\u00a0a health maintenance organization","volume":"145","author":"Rybicki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00550","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00550-2021","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in\u00a0Iceland: a nationwide study of\u00a0epidemiology, clinical picture and\u00a0environmental exposure","volume":"7","author":"Haraldsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2021","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R8","article-title":"The registry of\u00a0Hereditary Auto-inflammatory Disorders Mutations","author":"Lesage","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R9"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-015-2870-9","article-title":"Childhood sarcoidosis: Louisiana experience","volume":"35","author":"Gedalia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-021-00991-3","article-title":"Distinguishing Blau syndrome from systemic sarcoidosis","volume":"21","author":"Kaufman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.83.1.128","article-title":"The roentgenographic staging of\u00a0sarcoidosis. Historic and\u00a0contemporary perspectives","volume":"83","author":"DeRemee","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072097","article-title":"Child\u2013adult transition in\u00a0sarcoidosis: a series of\u00a052 patients","volume":"9","author":"Chauveau","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-206825","article-title":"Lung sarcoidosis in\u00a0children: update on\u00a0disease expression and\u00a0management","volume":"70","author":"Nathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1998.tb01554.x","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in\u00a0children. Epidemiology in\u00a0Danes, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and\u00a0prognosis","volume":"87","author":"Milman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)80978-7","article-title":"Childhood sarcoidosis","volume":"108","author":"Pattishall","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1987.tb00796.x","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in\u00a0children","volume":"4","author":"Clark","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2019.04.006","article-title":"Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and\u00a0treatment of\u00a0sarcoidosis","volume":"3","author":"Ungprasert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R19","first-page":"685","article-title":"Sarcoidosis of\u00a0early onset. A challenge for\u00a0the pediatric rheumatologist","volume":"11","author":"H\u00e4fner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2005.03.007","article-title":"Paediatric sarcoidosis","volume":"6","author":"Fauroux","year":"2005","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R21","first-page":"47","article-title":"Uveitis during the course of\u00a0sarcoidosis in\u00a0a child: difficult diagnosis of\u00a0a case","volume":"307","author":"Laghmari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80394-2","article-title":"Familial granulomatous arthritis, iritis, and\u00a0rash","volume":"107","author":"Blau","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15963","article-title":"Early-onset granulomatous arthritis, uveitis and\u00a0skin rash: characterization of\u00a0skin involvement in\u00a0Blau syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Poline","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00011507","article-title":"Childhood sarcoidosis: long-term follow-up","volume":"31","author":"Milman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.05.018","article-title":"Neurosarcoidosis in\u00a0pediatric patients: a case report and\u00a0review of\u00a0isolated and\u00a0systemic neurosarcoidosis","volume":"63","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/mrcr\/rxab011","article-title":"Granulomatous nephritis: a rare presentation of\u00a0juvenile-onset sarcoidosis","volume":"6","author":"Chotalia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol Case Rep"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e480","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.6.e480","article-title":"Neurosarcoid presents differently in\u00a0children than in\u00a0adults","volume":"112","author":"Baumann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3109\/10408368609110273","article-title":"Biochemical markers in\u00a0sarcoidosis","volume":"24","author":"Selroos","year":"1986","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950160109","article-title":"Pulmonary sarcoidosis in\u00a0children: serial evaluation of\u00a0bronchoalveolar lavage cells during corticosteroid treatment","volume":"16","author":"Chadelat","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.8.9.1293","article-title":"Current and\u00a0emerging strategies for\u00a0the management of\u00a0sarcoidosis","volume":"8","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"2024032817140861900_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3283642a7a","article-title":"Multinational evidence-based World Association of\u00a0Sarcoidosis and\u00a0Other Granulomatous Disorders recommendations for\u00a0the use of\u00a0methotrexate in sarcoidosis: integrating systematic literature research and\u00a0expert opinion of\u00a0sarcoidologists worldwide","volume":"19","author":"Cremers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"}],"container-title":["Modern Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mr\/road050\/50519041\/road050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article-pdf\/34\/3\/639\/57109170\/road050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article-pdf\/34\/3\/639\/57109170\/road050.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T17:54:44Z","timestamp":1711648484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article\/34\/3\/639\/7181265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mr\/road050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-7595","1439-7609"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-7595","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7609","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]]}}}