{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T07:54:16Z","timestamp":1787644456030,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article aims to examine the ability of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Observation of Biologic Therapy (RABBIT) risk score to predict the occurrence of serious infections in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), after initiating their first biologic disease\u2013modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used data from the Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis cohort from 2008 to 2020. Patients with RA who were started on their first bDMARDs were included. Those with missing data required to calculate the score were excluded. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the discriminatory ability of the RABBIT score.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1081 patients were enrolled. During the 1-year observational period, 23 (1.7%) patients had serious infections; the most frequent one was bacterial pneumonia (n\u2009=\u200911, 44%). The median RABBIT score in the serious infection group was significantly higher than that in the non-serious infection group [2.3 (1.5\u20135.4) vs 1.6 (1.2\u20132.5), P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001]. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the occurrence of serious infections was 0.67 (95% confidence interval 0.52\u20130.79), suggesting that the score had low accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our present study revealed that the RABBIT risk score did not have sufficient discriminatory ability for predicting the development of severe infections in Japanese patients with RA after initiating their first bDMARD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/road066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T19:18:28Z","timestamp":1688498308000},"page":"693-699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of\u00a0the Rheumatoid Arthritis Observation of\u00a0Biologic Therapy risk score in\u00a0Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis starting first biologic disease\u2013modifying antirheumatic drugs: A validation study using the Institute of\u00a0Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis cohort data"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Multidisciplinary Management of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2850-326X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiichi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eisuke","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Showa University Research Administration Centre, Showa University , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumiko","family":"Saka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Sugano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naohiro","family":"Sugitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moeko","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rei","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Ikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Yamanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Sanno Medical Centre , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Harigai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024070805510158300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"388","author":"Smolen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2019.1660028","article-title":"A large observational cohort study of\u00a0rheumatoid arthritis, IORRA: providing context for\u00a0today\u2019s treatment options","volume":"30","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41597","article-title":"Lifetime risks, life expectancy, and\u00a0health care expenditures for\u00a0rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide cohort followed up from 2003 to 2016","volume":"73","author":"Chiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109927","article-title":"Cardiovascular and\u00a0cancer risk with tofacitinib in\u00a0rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"386","author":"Ytterberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02807-9","article-title":"Unincreased risk of\u00a0hospitalized infection under targeted therapies versus methotrexate in\u00a0elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Sakai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S760","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216653","article-title":"Safety of\u00a0synthetic and\u00a0biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2019 update of\u00a0the EULAR recommendations for\u00a0the management of\u00a0rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"79","author":"Sepriano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61704-9","article-title":"Risk of\u00a0serious infection in\u00a0biological treatment of\u00a0patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and\u00a0meta-analysis","volume":"386","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.31.1.129","article-title":"Infections in\u00a0patients with rheumatoid arthritis in\u00a0the era of\u00a0targeted synthetic therapies","volume":"31","author":"Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062760","article-title":"Time-dependent increase in\u00a0risk of\u00a0hospitalisation with infection among Swedish RA patients treated with TNF antagonists","volume":"66","author":"Askling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq242","article-title":"Anti-TNF therapy is associated with an increased risk of\u00a0serious infections in\u00a0patients with rheumatoid arthritis especially in\u00a0the first 6 months of\u00a0treatment: updated results from the British Society for\u00a0Rheumatology Biologics Register with special emphasis on\u00a0risks in\u00a0the elderly","volume":"50","author":"Galloway","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22504","article-title":"Risk of\u00a0serious bacterial infections among rheumatoid arthritis patients exposed to tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 antagonists","volume":"56","author":"Curtis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.151043","article-title":"Treatment benefit or survival of\u00a0the fittest: what drives the time-dependent decrease in\u00a0serious infection rates under TNF inhibition and\u00a0what does this imply for\u00a0the individual patient?","volume":"70","author":"Strangfeld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203341","article-title":"Evaluation of\u00a0the RABBIT risk score for\u00a0serious infections","volume":"73","author":"Zink","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-05425-5","article-title":"Performance of\u00a0the RABBIT infection risk score in\u00a0an Argentinian rheumatoid arthritis cohort","volume":"40","author":"Salinas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R15","first-page":"3834","article-title":"Risk of\u00a0serious infections in\u00a0arthritis patients treated with biological drugs: a matched cohort study and\u00a0development of\u00a0prediction model","volume":"60","author":"Krabbe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roab120","article-title":"Changes in\u00a0treatment adherence and\u00a0behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic in\u00a0Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from cross-sectional study in\u00a0the IORRA cohort","volume":"32","author":"Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roab082","article-title":"Impact of\u00a0concomitant chronic kidney disease on\u00a0hospitalised infections and\u00a0remission in\u00a0patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the IORRA cohort","volume":"32","author":"Higuchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244","article-title":"Investigation of\u00a0the freely available easy-to-use software \u201cEZR\u201d for\u00a0medical statistics","volume":"48","author":"Kanda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21805","article-title":"Use of\u00a0a disease risk score to compare serious infections associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy among high- versus lower-risk rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"64","author":"Curtis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34530","article-title":"Development and\u00a0validation of\u00a0a risk score for\u00a0serious infection in\u00a0patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"64","author":"Crowson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152050","article-title":"Development and\u00a0external validation of\u00a0prediction models for\u00a0adverse health outcomes in\u00a0rheumatoid arthritis: a multinational real-world cohort analysis","volume":"56","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051690","article-title":"Efficacy and\u00a0safety of\u00a0biologics for\u00a0psoriasis and\u00a0psoriatic arthritis and\u00a0their impact on\u00a0comorbidities: a literature review","volume":"21","author":"Kamata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3811-5","article-title":"Incidence of\u00a0comprehensive hospitalization due to infection, cardiovascular disease, fractures, and\u00a0malignancies in\u00a0patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"37","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21978","article-title":"Rates of\u00a0serious infection, including site-specific and\u00a0bacterial intracellular infection, in\u00a0rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results from the British Society for\u00a0Rheumatology Biologics Register","volume":"54","author":"Dixon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21386","article-title":"Infections in\u00a0patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologic agents","volume":"52","author":"Listing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-014-3045-8","article-title":"The risk of\u00a0serious infection in\u00a0patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors decreased over time: a report from the registry of\u00a0Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients on\u00a0biologics for\u00a0long-term safety (REAL) database","volume":"34","author":"Sakai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2024070805510158300_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2014.958274","article-title":"Chronological changes in\u00a0baseline disease activity of\u00a0patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received biologic DMARDs between 2003 and\u00a02012","volume":"25","author":"Sato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Modern Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mr\/road066\/50849904\/road066.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article-pdf\/34\/4\/693\/58466243\/road066.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article-pdf\/34\/4\/693\/58466243\/road066.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T05:51:22Z","timestamp":1720417882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article\/34\/4\/693\/7220385"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mr\/road066","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-7595","1439-7609"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-7595","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7609","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]}}}