{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:49:47Z","timestamp":1774356587793,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe the efficacy of anifrolumab versus placebo in Japanese systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with low complement (C3 or C4) and\/or who are positive for anti-double stranded DNA antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a descriptive post hoc analysis of Japanese SLE patients with serological manifestations in the Treatment of Uncontrolled Lupus via the Interferon Pathway-2 (TULIP-2) trial who received either anifrolumab or placebo.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 43 patients enrolled, 79.2% (19\/24) and 73.7% (14\/19) had low C3, low C4, and\/or were positive for anti-double stranded DNA antibodies at baseline in the anifrolumab and placebo groups, respectively. At Week 52, 52.6% (10\/19) and 7.1% (1\/14) patients in the anifrolumab and placebo groups, respectively, achieved a British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) response. The proportion of patients who tapered their glucocorticoid (GC) dose throughout the study, without increasing their dose, or who sustained baseline GC doses of \u22647.5\u2009mg\/day was numerically higher in the anifrolumab group [78.9% (15\/19)] than in the placebo group [50.0% (7\/14)].<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In line with the clinical profile of anifrolumab in the TULIP-2 study, the efficacy of anifrolumab was shown in Japanese SLE patients with serological manifestations achieving a BICLA response, and with tapered GC dose or sustained GC doses of \u22647.5\u2009mg\/day.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roae111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T15:57:02Z","timestamp":1737129422000},"page":"458-469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy of anifrolumab in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with serological manifestations: A post hoc analysis of the Japan subgroup of the TULIP-2 trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0807-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiya","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Kitakyushu,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Atsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Hokkaido,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St Luke\u2019s International Hospital , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Miyamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center , Fukuoka,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , Miyagi,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatic Disease Center, Kurashiki Medical Center , Okayama,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryutaro","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsuchida Clinic , Chiba,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuya","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Data Science & Innovation Division, Biometrics Group, AstraZeneca K.K. , Osaka,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Respiratory & Immunology Department, Medical, AstraZeneca K.K. , Osaka,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Yabe-Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Respiratory & Immunology Department, Medical, AstraZeneca K.K. , Osaka,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Respiratory & Immunology Department, Medical, AstraZeneca K.K. , Osaka,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biometrics, Late Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Late Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catharina","family":"Lindholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Late Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca , Gothenburg,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Saitama Medical University Faculty of Medicine , Saitama,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025050812112775400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205171","article-title":"Factors associated with damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) inception cohort","volume":"74","author":"Bruce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R2","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"363","author":"Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2018.1494239","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: nothing stale her infinite variety","volume":"28","author":"Oku","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R4","article-title":"An overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, classification, and management","volume":"14","author":"Muhammad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020367","article-title":"Complement as a biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"13","author":"Ayano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.10.003","article-title":"Role of anti-nucleosome antibody in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"122","author":"Su","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224762","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus: 2023 update","volume":"83","author":"Fanouriakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2022-000682","article-title":"Glucocorticoid discontinuation in patients with SLE with prior severe organ involvement: a single-center retrospective analysis","volume":"9","author":"Nakai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203315627199","article-title":"The chronic damage in systemic lupus erythematosus is driven by flares, glucocorticoids and antiphospholipid antibodies: results from a monocentric cohort","volume":"25","author":"Conti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020243","article-title":"The main challenges in systemic lupus erythematosus: where do we stand?","volume":"10","author":"Piga","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2022.2096406","article-title":"Preventing organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: the impact of early biological treatment","volume":"22","author":"Rua-Figueroa Fern\u00e1ndez de Larrinoa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-021-00984-1","article-title":"A review of complement activation in SLE","volume":"23","author":"Weinstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8142368","article-title":"Biologics in the treatment of lupus erythematosus: a critical literature review","volume":"2019","author":"Samotij","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5459","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002795","article-title":"Type I interferon in the pathogenesis of lupus","volume":"192","author":"Crow","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2011.0045","article-title":"Type I interferon and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"31","author":"Elkon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2011.01.009","article-title":"The type I interferon system in the development of lupus","volume":"23","author":"R\u00f6nnblom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roac140","article-title":"Interferons and systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatments in interferon-driven disease","volume":"33","author":"Tanaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2017.10.003","article-title":"Role of interferons in SLE","volume":"31","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033753","article-title":"Type I interferon correlates with serological and clinical manifestations of SLE","volume":"64","author":"Dall\u2019era","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316640922","article-title":"Autoantibodies, complement and type I interferon as biomarkers for personalized medicine in SLE","volume":"25","author":"Biesen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221662","article-title":"Anti-RNP antibodies are associated with the interferon gene signature but not decreased complement levels in SLE","volume":"81","author":"Hubbard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2012.08.004","article-title":"Complement, interferon and lupus","volume":"24","author":"Elkon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2015.1007810","article-title":"Molecular basis for antagonistic activity of anifrolumab, an anti-interferon-\u03b1 receptor 1 antibody","volume":"7","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2018-000261","article-title":"Characterisation of anifrolumab, a fully human anti-interferon receptor antagonist antibody for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"5","author":"Riggs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912196","article-title":"Trial of anifrolumab in active systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"382","author":"Morand","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42392","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled phase III extension trial of the long-term safety and tolerability of anifrolumab in active systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"75","author":"Kalunian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roac010","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of anifrolumab in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: TULIP-2 subanalysis","volume":"33","author":"Tanaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2020.1812201","article-title":"Anifrolumab, a monoclonal antibody to the type I interferon receptor subunit 1, for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: an overview from clinical trials","volume":"31","author":"Tanaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221425","article-title":"Anifrolumab efficacy and safety by type I interferon gene signature and clinical subgroups in patients with SLE: post hoc analysis of pooled data from two phase III trials","volume":"81","author":"Vital","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R30","article-title":"Update of the 1982 American College of Rheumatology Revised Criteria for Classification of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","author":"American College of Rheumatology","year":"1997"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.905960","article-title":"Assessment of type I interferon signatures in undifferentiated inflammatory diseases: a Japanese multicenter experience","volume":"13","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.07.006","article-title":"Cluster of highly expressed interferon-stimulated genes associate more with African ancestry than disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A systematic review of cross-sectional studies","volume":"238","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24431","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: targeted literature review of the epidemiology, current treatment, and disease burden in the Asia Pacific region","volume":"74","author":"Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2752","article-title":"Taming lupus \u2013 a new understanding of pathogenesis is leading to clinical advances","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03010-0","article-title":"Relationship of systemic type I interferon activity with clinical phenotypes, disease activity, and damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus in treatment-naive patients: a retrospective longitudinal analysis","volume":"25","author":"Miyachi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201586","article-title":"IFN\u03b1 and its response proteins, IP-10 and SIGLEC-1, are biomarkers of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"72","author":"Rose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2019.1583833","article-title":"Safety and tolerability of anifrolumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting type I interferon receptor, in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter, phase 2, open-label study","volume":"30","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930903510872","article-title":"Type I interferons in systemic autoimmunity","volume":"43","author":"Sozzani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2018-000270","article-title":"Interferon pathway in SLE: one key to unlocking the mystery of the disease","volume":"6","author":"Ro\u0308nnblom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R40","article-title":"Development of potential pharmacodynamic and diagnostic markers for anti-IFN-\u03b1 monoclonal antibody trials in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"2009","author":"Yao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Genomics Proteomics"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2022-000761","article-title":"Time to onset of clinical response to anifrolumab in patients with SLE: pooled data from the phase III TULIP-1 and TULIP-2 trials","volume":"10","author":"Bruce","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R42","article-title":"Anti-double stranded DNA antibodies: origin, pathogenicity, and targeted therapies","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R43","first-page":"329","article-title":"The role of hypocomplementaemia and low erythrocyte complement receptor type I numbers in determining abnormal immune complex clearance in humans","volume":"75","author":"Schiffeli","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116090","article-title":"Immune complex processing in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. In vivo imaging and clearance studies","volume":"90","author":"Davies","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R45","first-page":"209","article-title":"The kinetics of [3H]-dsDNA\/anti-DNA immune complex formation binding by red blood cells, and release into serum: effect of DNA molecular weight and conditions of antibody excess","volume":"133","author":"Horgan","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205139","article-title":"Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: recommendations from an international task force","volume":"73","author":"van Vollenhoven","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/25785826.2023.2264023","article-title":"A new therapeutic target for systemic lupus erythematosus: the current landscape for drug development of a toll-like receptor 7\/8 antagonist through academia-industry-government collaboration","volume":"47","author":"Tanaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol Med"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100007","article-title":"Prolonged serologically active clinically quiescent systemic lupus erythematosus: frequency and outcome","volume":"37","author":"Steiman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2021-000603","article-title":"Risk factors of flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus after glucocorticoids withdrawal. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Ji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203311418269","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in combination with two glucocorticoid regimens for the treatment of active lupus nephritis","volume":"20","author":"Zeher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00578-X","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of voclosporin versus placebo for lupus nephritis (AURORA 1): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"397","author":"Rovin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae041","article-title":"A path to Glucocorticoid Stewardship: a critical review of clinical recommendations for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"63","author":"Bertsias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2017-000209","article-title":"Complement levels and risk of organ involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"4","author":"Gandino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330505","article-title":"Measurement of increases in anti-double-stranded DNA antibody levels as a predictor of disease exacerbation in systemic lupus erythematosus. A long-term, prospective study","volume":"33","author":"ter Borg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090019","article-title":"Prevalence of flare and influence of demographic and serologic factors on flare risk in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study","volume":"36","author":"Petri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320938453","article-title":"Low C4 as risk factor for severe neuropsychiatric flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"29","author":"Aso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1177\/09612033221074580","article-title":"The association between lupus serology and disease outcomes: a systematic literature review to inform the treat-to-target approach in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"31","author":"Kostopoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225369","article-title":"Risk of flare and damage accrual after tapering glucocorticoids in modified serologically active clinically quiescent patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a multinational observational cohort study","volume":"83","author":"Katsumata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025050812112775400_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/road092","article-title":"The long-term safety and tolerability of anifrolumab for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Japan: TULIP-LTE subgroup analysis","volume":"34","author":"Tanaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Modern Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mr\/roae111\/61488464\/roae111.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article-pdf\/35\/3\/458\/61488464\/roae111.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article-pdf\/35\/3\/458\/61488464\/roae111.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T16:11:47Z","timestamp":1746720707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article\/35\/3\/458\/7959578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mr\/roae111","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-7595","1439-7609"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-7595","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7609","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]}}}