{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T14:30:12Z","timestamp":1772721012104,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP22K16348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K16348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the real-world effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) and intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCY) compared to non-use for remission induction in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This observational study emulated a target trial using data from the Japan Collaborative Registry of ANCA-associated Vasculitis. Patients aged \u226520\u00a0years with newly diagnosed or relapsing MPA or GPA (2017\u201323) were included. RTX or IVCY use within 4\u00a0weeks defined the treatment group; others formed the control group. The primary outcome was failure to achieve remission at week 24 (Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score\u2009=\u20090 and prednisolone \u2264\u200910\u00a0mg\/day). Secondary outcomes included a composite of death, kidney failure, and relapse, and serious infection. In inverse probability weighted population, risk ratios were estimated using modified Poisson regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 544 patients (MPA: 413, GPA: 131), 63.6% received RTX or IVCY. The risk ratio for failure to achieve remission was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61\u20130.85), and for the composite outcome was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.33\u20130.97), and for serious infection was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.47\u20132.25). Results were robust in sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RTX and IVCY improved short-term outcomes in MPA and GPA without increasing infection risk, supporting their recommendation as standard therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roaf090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T12:08:10Z","timestamp":1759925290000},"page":"261-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Real-world effectiveness of rituximab or intravenous cyclophosphamide\n                    <i>versus<\/i>\n                    non-use in patients with severe microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a retrospective cohort study of J-CANVAS"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9187-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Omura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Kitai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Yanagida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Nakagomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, University of Yamanashi Hospital , Yamanashi ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rheumatic Disease, Japanese Red Cross Society Kyoto Daiichi Hospital , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoho","family":"Takizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Chubu Rosai Hospital , Nagoya ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immuno-Rheumatology Center, St. Luke's International Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Kukida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Japanese Red Cross Society Kyoto Daini Hospital , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirosuke","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kagoshima University Hospital , Kagoshima ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General internal medicine, Tottori Red Cross Hospital , Tottori ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital , Hiroshima ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Azuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo Medical University School of Medicine , Hyogo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University , Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoichi","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuro","family":"Kamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University , Sapporo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Yanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa Medical University , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Kyosai Hospital , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo , Tokyo , (formerly Tokyo Medical and Dental University)","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Shimojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine , Nagano 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Rheumatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine , Shimane ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayuko","family":"Takatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatic Disease Center, Sasebo Chuo Hospital , Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshia","family":"Miyawaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Shirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Tohoku University Hospital , Sendai ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Dobashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University , Kagawa ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center , Chiba ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba , Ibaraki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Shirakawa Satellite for Teaching and Research (STAR) Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiko","family":"Ito-Ihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Clinical and Translational Research Center, University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Yajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa Medical University , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Assessment, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Seno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3860-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kawahito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto 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