{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T13:27:40Z","timestamp":1793798860504,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research for Advanced Research","award":["23K15360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K15360"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of sarilumab in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) who were clinically assessed as having coexisting rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from the FIRST registry, a cohort of patients initiating molecular targeted therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, we identified cases from 2003 to April 2024 in which sarilumab was introduced as the first biologic agent and PMR was concurrently diagnosed. As a control group, we selected patients hospitalized for a PMR flare during the same period who received the standard of care without biologic therapy. The primary outcome was the clinical PMR Activity Score at 52\u00a0weeks post-treatment initiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 5645 registered cases, 67 patients were identified as having PMR with coexisting rheumatoid arthritis and received sarilumab as their initial biologic therapy. The control group comprised 76 patients treated with conventional therapy alone. The 52-weeks continuation rate of sarilumab was 77.5%, indicating high treatment persistence. At 52\u00a0weeks, clinical PMR Activity Score scores decreased in both groups. Logistic regression analysis using low disease activity at 52\u00a0weeks as the outcome revealed sarilumab use as a significant predictor. After adjusting for baseline differences using inverse probability weighting based on propensity scores, the sarilumab group showed a significantly greater reduction in the clinical PMR Activity Score compared to the standard of care group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that sarilumab may have the potential to improve disease activity in polymyalgia rheumatica compared to conventional therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roag030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:13:38Z","timestamp":1773404018000},"page":"1046-1054","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of sarilumab in polymyalgia rheumatica: A retrospective study of the FIRST registry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Naoaki","family":"Ohkubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ippei","family":"Miyagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Targeted Therapies, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koshiro","family":"Sonomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshino","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurie","family":"Satoh-Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanobu","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Nagayasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Aritomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichiro","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Funada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyotake","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayu","family":"Nishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Nakayamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0807-7139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiya","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational & Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular Targeted Therapies, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223429","article-title":"Treat-to-target recommendations in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"83","author":"Dejaco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207492","article-title":"2015 recommendations for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology collaborative initiative","volume":"74","author":"Dejaco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20901","article-title":"Acute-phase reactants and the risk of relapse\/recurrence in polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective followup study","volume":"53","author":"Salvarani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roaf001","article-title":"Characteristics of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica based on glucocorticoid dose in Japan: a cohort study using routinely collected health data","volume":"35","author":"Tanaka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005650","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2025-005650","article-title":"Trajectory analysis of glucocorticoid treatment highlights issues in the current tapering strategy for polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"11","author":"Tanaka","year":"2025","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2023.105680","article-title":"Glucocorticoid treatment and clinical outcomes in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: a cohort study using routinely collected health data","volume":"91","author":"Tanaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223356","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update","volume":"82","author":"Smolen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24596","article-title":"2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"73","author":"Fraenkel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R176","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3140","article-title":"Effect of etanercept in polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Kreiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00005","article-title":"Infliximab plus prednisone or placebo plus prednisone for the initial treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized trial","volume":"146","author":"Salvarani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.03.006","article-title":"Tocilizumab vs placebo for the treatment of giant cell arteritis with polymyalgia rheumatica symptoms, cranial symptoms or both in a randomized trial","volume":"51","author":"Spiera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e208","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00032-2","article-title":"1-year results of treatment with rituximab in polymyalgia rheumatica: an extension study of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Bolhuis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-025-05941-0","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab in the management of polymyalgia rheumatica: a retrospective study from the KEIO-PMR cohort","volume":"45","author":"Imai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead426","article-title":"Efficacy and management of tocilizumab in polymyalgia rheumatica: results of a multicentre retrospective observational study","volume":"63","author":"Assaraf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13723","article-title":"Tocilizumab monotherapy for polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective, single-center, open-label study","volume":"22","author":"Chino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303452","article-title":"Sarilumab for relapse of polymyalgia rheumatica during glucocorticoid taper","volume":"389","author":"Spiera","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2024.105730","article-title":"Recommendations of the French Society of Rheumatology for the management in current practice of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"91","author":"Wendling","year":"2024","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-024-00707-9","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of biologics in polymyalgia rheumatica: a retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Ohkubo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatol Ther"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref19","volume":"38","author":"Bird","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200329","volume":"71","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex477","article-title":"Assessing polymyalgia rheumatica activity when C-reactive protein is unavailable or uninterpretable","volume":"57","author":"Devauchelle-Pensec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.011379","article-title":"A disease activity score for polymyalgia rheumatica","volume":"63","author":"Leeb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/road026","article-title":"Clinical features of polymyalgia rheumatica patients in Japan: analysis of real-world data from 2015 to 2020","volume":"34","author":"Tanaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210310","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sarilumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (MONARCH): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group phase III trial","volume":"76","author":"Burmester","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39093","article-title":"Sarilumab plus methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to methotrexate: results of a phase III study","volume":"67","author":"Genovese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026110407425358900_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2018.1533514","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of weekly subcutaneous tocilizumab monotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an inadequate response to subcutaneous tocilizumab every other week: results from the open-label extension of the SHINOBI study","volume":"29","author":"Ogata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Modern Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mr\/roag030\/67368055\/roag030.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article-pdf\/36\/6\/1046\/67368055\/roag030.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article-pdf\/36\/6\/1046\/67368055\/roag030.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T12:43:02Z","timestamp":1793796182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/article\/36\/6\/1046\/8524684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mr\/roag030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-7595","1439-7609"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-7595","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7609","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]}}}