{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:03:12Z","timestamp":1789995792356,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Drug Development & Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly Japan K.K."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate real-world effectiveness and long-term retention of baricitinib in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including those classified as difficult-to-treat (D2T).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This 24-month observational study enrolled patients initiating baricitinib, stratified by prior use of biological\/targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and baseline Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) scores. Key endpoints included time-to-discontinuation, achievement of and time to low disease activity or remission. Data were analysed using logistic regression models adjusted for demographic and clinical variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baricitinib demonstrated sustained effectiveness, with 58.2% of overall patients (N\u2009=\u2009353) and 42.0% of patients with D2T RA (N\u2009=\u200988) remaining on treatment at 24\u00a0months. CDAI remission was achieved in 36.4% of overall patients and 22.9% of patients with D2T RA. Discontinuation was mainly due to primary non-response (11.0%). Mean (SD) changes in patient-reported outcomes from baseline scores were: patient global assessment of disease activity (\u221221.7 [28.4] mm), Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (\u22120.360 [0.601]), and pain visual analogue scale (\u221224.9 [26.8] mm). Among baseline glucocorticoid users retained on baricitinib at 24\u00a0months, 55.9% discontinued glucocorticoids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baricitinib showed sustained effectiveness and retention, including in patients with D2T RA; early improvements in pain and fatigue were predictive of CDAI disease remission during the 24-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roag074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T17:38:20Z","timestamp":1788025100000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-world outcomes of baricitinib in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A 2-year observational study of overall and difficult-to-treat patients in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Kei","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology\/ Rheumatic Disease Center, Dokkyo Medical University , Tochigi ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taisuke","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Drug Development & Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly Japan K.K. Kobe ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Tsujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Drug Development & Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly Japan K.K. Kobe ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Drug Development & Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly Japan K.K. Kobe ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092108120704600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1608345","article-title":"Baricitinib versus placebo or adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"376","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026092108120704600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roac089","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of baricitinib for rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese clinical practice: 24-week results of all-case post-marketing surveillance","volume":"33","author":"Takagi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026092108120704600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2019.1682776","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan: prevalence estimates using a nationwide population-based questionnaire survey","volume":"30","author":"Kojima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026092108120704600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2174\/1874312901711010043","article-title":"The use of patient reported outcome measures for rheumatoid arthritis in Japan: a systematic literature review","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Rheumatol J"},{"key":"2026092108120704600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S110147","article-title":"Persistence with biologic agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in 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