{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:58:05Z","timestamp":1791208685962,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)\u2013associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) occasionally coexist, their clinical characteristics and impact on patient outcomes remain poorly elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective case series of five patients with RA complicated by HAM\/TSP (HAM-RA) enrolled in the HTLV-1 Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis Miyazaki Registry. Data on clinical characteristics, disease course, functional status, quality of life and HTLV-1\u2013associated parameters were reviewed. Age- and sex-matched patients with HTLV-1\u2013positive RA and HTLV-1\u2013negative RA served as comparison groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients were women, (median age, 67 years). HAM\/TSP preceded RA onset in two patients, whereas RA developed first in three. Neurological disability substantially differed, with Osame Motor Disability Scores of 2\u201311; three patients necessitated wheelchair use. Despite comparable RA disease activity, patients with HAM-RA demonstrated worse physical function and health-related quality of life than matched controls. Patients with HAM-RA tended to have higher HTLV-1 proviral loads (PVLs) than those with HTLV-1\u2013positive RA without HAM\/TSP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HAM\/TSP may develop before or after RA onset and cause substantial functional disability despite satisfactory control of arthritis. Knowledge of HTLV-1 infection status may facilitate consideration of HAM\/TSP and timely neurological evaluation. Considering the high PVL in patients with HAM-RA and its association with elevated adult T-cell leukaemia\/lymphoma (ATL) risk, cautious long-term monitoring for ATL development may be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roag087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:46:46Z","timestamp":1790941606000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human T-Cell Leukaemia Virus Type 1-Associated Myelopathy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Series Highlighting Functional Disability and Diagnostic Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3498-5994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayuki","family":"Murai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1116-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunihiko","family":"Umekita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4171-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Iwao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosho","family":"Iwao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1615-5088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohiro","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunichi","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yayoi","family":"Hashiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology, Miyazaki Zenjinkai Hospital , Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9919-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Hidaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Rheumatology, Miyazaki Zenjinkai Hospital , Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0962-5758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taiga","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"container-title":["Modern Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mr\/roag087\/71603294\/roag087.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mr\/roag087\/71603294\/roag087.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:11:14Z","timestamp":1791205874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mr\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/mr\/roag087\/8864916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mr\/roag087","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-7595","1439-7609"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-7595","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7609","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"article-number":"roag087"}}