{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T22:54:07Z","timestamp":1754261647167,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a chronic, sterile, inflammatory disease. It primarily presents with nonspecific bone pain and swelling but ultimately can cause bone destruction and deformities, if left untreated. The involvement of the cranial bones (apart from the mandible) is rare in CNO. In this report, we present a rare case of CNO affecting facial and cranial bones presenting as facial palsy with a review of the literature about similar affection. A 10-year-old, previously healthy female was initially evaluated for swelling of the left side of her face with slight tenderness on palpation, but no fever. Her complete blood count was unremarkable, her inflammatory markers were elevated (C-reactive protein 7.5\u2009mg\/dl and erythrocyte sedimentation rate 104\u2009mm\/h), and CT of facial and skull bones and MRI of brain showed a destructive osseous process involving the left maxillary, zygomatic, sphenoid bones and the clivus. Bone biopsy of the left maxilla showed fibrous dysplasia with abscess formation, most consistent with an infectious aetiology (acute osteomyelitis). She was started on oral clindamycin for a 3-month course. The facial swelling improved after starting clindamycin, but on her sixth week of treatment, she developed right-sided Bell\u2019s palsy. An MRI of the brain showed hyperenhancement of the right seventh cranial nerve. A month later, she was evaluated for right wrist and knee swelling, pain, and limitation of movement. Skeletal survey and MRI showed multifocal lesions with mixed sclerosis and lucency. Her inflammatory markers continued to be elevated. Another bone biopsy of the right radius showed similar findings of destruction with no evidence of malignancy. She was ultimately diagnosed with CNO. She was started on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with gastric protection and regular follow-up. Over more than a year of follow-up, the patient\u2019s inflammatory markers remain normal, and joint swelling\/limitation has remained in remission. We found five additional cases in the literature that presented with a similar presentation. To our knowledge, our patient is the first reported case in the USA involving the cranial\/facial bones apart from the mandible presenting with facial palsy. The affection of the facial bones (apart from the mandible) in CNO is very rare, but the awareness of such a presentation by the clinician is an important aspect of reaching the diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mrcr\/rxac058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T09:21:07Z","timestamp":1658740867000},"page":"298-301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bell\u2019s palsy with facial bone involvement: A rare presentation of chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis with literature review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Haider A","family":"Ailumerab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of The King\u2019s Daughters, Eastern Virginia Medical School , Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8368-4628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassyanne L","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children\u2019s Hospital of The King\u2019s Daughters, Eastern Virginia Medical School , Norfolk, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010315533152700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.7212","article-title":"Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: review","volume":"196","author":"Iyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2023010315533152700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1190","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3788","article-title":"Pediatric chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis","volume":"130","author":"Borzutzky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2023010315533152700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000071","article-title":"Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis","volume":"22","author":"Winters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2023010315533152700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.07.011","article-title":"SAPHO syndrome with TMJ involvement: review of the literature and case presentation","volume":"39","author":"McPhillips","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2023010315533152700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39013","article-title":"A large national cohort of French patients with chronic recurrent multifocal osteitis","volume":"67","author":"Wipff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2023010315533152700_R6","first-page":"329","article-title":"Subacute and chronic \u201csymmetrical\u201d osteomyelitis","volume":"15","author":"Giedion","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Radiol (Paris)"},{"key":"2023010315533152700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex066","article-title":"Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children and adults: current understanding and areas for development","volume":"57","author":"Roderick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2023010315533152700_R8","first-page":"115","article-title":"Radiological aspect of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis","volume":"21","author":"Probst","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann. 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