{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T23:16:46Z","timestamp":1740179806470,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Strongyloidiasis, an intestinal parasitic infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, rarely occurs in Japan. When treated with immunosuppressive drugs, two potentially lethal conditions, hyperinfection and dissemination, may develop in asymptomatic carriers of this parasite. We report the development of strongyloidiasis during treatment of polymyositis with glucocorticoids plus rituximab (RTX). A 44-year-old woman had been diagnosed with anti-signal recognition particle antibody\u2013positive polymyositis with interstitial pneumonia 6\u2009years previously, for which she had recently been receiving prednisolone at 5\u2009mg\/day and RTX at 375\u2009mg\/m2 twice every 3\u2009months. Her condition appeared to be well controlled. She was admitted to our hospital with a 1-month history of chronic diarrhoea and epigastric pain. Standard microscopic examination of a sample of faeces revealed the presence of S. stercoralis; however, serologic testing for parasites was negative. Treatment with ivermectin alleviated her inflammatory diarrhoea and eradicated the faecal parasites. We believe that our patient had an exacerbation of S. stercoralis infection (hyperinfection syndrome) that was exacerbated by low-dose glucocorticoids plus RTX. Strongyloidiasis should be considered in immunocompromised individuals with unexplained diarrhoea, even in non-endemic areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mrcr\/rxac083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T17:55:42Z","timestamp":1666288542000},"page":"113-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Strongyloidiasis presenting during treatment of low-dose glucocorticoid plus rituximab for anti-signal recognition particle antibody\u2013positive polymyositis: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4151-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Oshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takaharu","family":"Matsuhisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Postgraduate Clinical Training and Career Development, Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motoki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juichi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Yamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Collagen Disease Centre, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital , Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010315530969400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060468","article-title":"The global prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection","volume":"9","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2023010315530969400_R2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Analysis of strongyloidiasis cases reported in Japan in the recent period, 2000\u20132013","volume":"25","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Parasitol"},{"key":"2023010315530969400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/818296","article-title":"Fatal outcome of disseminated Strongyloidiasis despite detectable plasma and cerebrospinal levels of orally administered ivermectin","volume":"2009","author":"Rose","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Parasitol Res"},{"key":"2023010315530969400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000152779.68900.33","article-title":"Intestinal strongyloidiasis recognition, management and determinants of outcome","volume":"39","author":"Concha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023010315530969400_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01500.x","article-title":"Unsuspected strongyloidiasis in hospitalised elderly patients with and without eosinophilia","volume":"12","author":"Pirisi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2023010315530969400_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.11.003","article-title":"British infection society and hospital for tropical diseases. 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