{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T12:16:48Z","timestamp":1771589808276,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The current report presents two cases with leg ulcers related to Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease (BD) resistant to conventional immunosuppressive therapy (CIST) but successfully treated with adalimumab (ADA). BD, which can affect vessels of any size and type, is a systemic vasculitis. In the vascular system, veins are the most predominantly affected blood vessels, with deep vein thrombosis and recurrent superficial vein thrombophlebitis being the most common vascular signs of the disease in the lower extremities. Leg ulcers, commonly associated with vasculitis or deep vein thrombosis, are rare in patients with BD. Conventional immunosuppressive therapy is very critical to prevent relapses and diminish the risk of post-thrombotic syndrome. In patients with BD-associated venous thrombosis (deep vein thrombosis or superficial vein thrombophlebitis) resistant to these treatments, tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 inhibitors can be used alone or in combination with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. In view of such information, add-on adalimumab treatment was considered appropriate for both patients. Response to this intervention was highly satisfying for the patients at the end of the 6-month treatment. Nonetheless, it warrants further studies directly evaluating the efficacy of tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 inhibitors alone in leg ulcers in BD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mrcr\/rxad044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T12:58:34Z","timestamp":1691067514000},"page":"205-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effectiveness of\u00a0adalimumab as an add-on therapy in\u00a0two cases with leg ulcers in\u00a0Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease resistant to conventional immunosuppressive therapy alone and\u00a0a review of\u00a0the literature"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6435-0606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nedim","family":"Kaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, \u00c7anakkale Mehmet Akif Ersoy State Hospital , \u00c7anakkale, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halil","family":"Harman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Education and Research Hospital, \u0130stanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences , \u0130stanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024061308354038400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature of\u00a0vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024061308354038400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.1997.38.6.380","article-title":"Dermatologic manifestation of\u00a0Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"2024061308354038400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-018-1991-y","article-title":"Vascular Beh\u00e7et\u2019s syndrome: an update","volume":"14","author":"Emmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"key":"2024061308354038400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-015-0047-z","article-title":"Thrombosis in\u00a0vasculitis: from pathogenesis to treatment","volume":"13","author":"Emmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb J"},{"key":"2024061308354038400_R5","first-page":"178","article-title":"Leg ulcers in\u00a0Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"158","author":"Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2024061308354038400_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-011-0542-4","article-title":"Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease and\u00a0genes within the major histocompatibility complex region","volume":"22","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024061308354038400_R7","first-page":"98","article-title":"Short-term trial of\u00a0etanercept in\u00a0Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: a double blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"32","author":"Melikoglu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024061308354038400_R8","first-page":"1078","article-title":"Criteria for\u00a0diagnosis of\u00a0Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease. 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