{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T01:10:21Z","timestamp":1754183421740,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Most reported cases of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have involved adults, with paediatric cases being rare. We present the case of a 14-year-old boy who developed LVV following COVID-19. Initially, he presented with fever and cough, and nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction testing confirmed COVID-19. His symptoms spontaneously resolved without specific COVID-19 treatments. However, 10\u2009days after contracting COVID-19, his fever recurred and his inflammatory markers were significantly elevated. His condition did not meet the criteria for Kawasaki disease or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed arterial wall thickening in the aorta and carotid arteries, indicative of LVV. Upon initiation of high-dose immunoglobulin therapy and aspirin, his fever subsided and his inflammatory markers and imaging findings normalised. Differential diagnosis ruled out infections, immune disorders, and Takayasu arteritis (TAK), a common cause of aortitis in children. Over a 1-year follow-up period, there were no recurrence and no stenotic lesions in large vessels. This finding suggests that the patient experienced transient LVV following COVID-19. Cytokine profile analysis performed before and after treatment revealed elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-12\/IL-23p40, typically associated with the active phase of TAK. Importantly, IL-17A and tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 levels were normal, as elevations in these cytokines have been linked to TAK recurrence. Notably, some cases of LVV following COVID-19 do not respond well to treatment; further research, including case accumulation and cytokine profile analysis, is needed to better predict prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mrcr\/rxae081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T07:57:56Z","timestamp":1733817476000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A case report of a 14-year-old male patient with large vessel vasculitis following COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9999-3935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Nozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Kiyoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Ishiodori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Imagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba Hospital , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080201021829700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021680","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and 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