{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:20:20Z","timestamp":1786123220182,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Giant cell arteritis is the most common vasculitis in those over 50\u00a0years old with a peak incidence between 70 and 80. Symptoms include a new-onset headache, scalp tenderness, jaw\/tongue claudication, and visual symptoms, which can be sight-threatening.\u00a0We report a case of an 82-year-old lady who presented with typical symptoms of giant cell arteritis and bilateral halo sign on an ultrasound scan. Despite initial steroid treatment she deteriorated and developed neurological symptoms including mononeuritis multiplex. Following further investigations, it was found that she was suffering from granulomatosis with polyangiitis and treatment was adjusted accordingly with additional immunomodulating treatment preventing further progression of symptoms. This case highlights how granulomatosis with polyangiitis can mimic giant cell arteritis and should be considered in refractory cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mrcr\/rxag064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:16:59Z","timestamp":1785237419000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive giant cell arteritis: Small-vessel vasculitis mimicking large-vessel vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1566-6363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dearbhail","family":"Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, North Bristol Trust , Bristol ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin G","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, North Bristol Trust , Bristol ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, North Bristol Trust , Bristol ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D","family":"Pauling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, North Bristol Trust , Bristol ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol , Bristol ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang En","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, North Bristol Trust , Bristol ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0608-7","article-title":"A new era for giant cell arteritis","volume":"34","author":"Lyons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2010.04.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"36","author":"Ntatsaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref3","first-page":"1587","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Rout"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78502","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.78502","article-title":"Granulomatosis with polyangiitis mimicking giant cell arteritis","volume":"17","author":"Motam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5091.265","article-title":"Giant-cell granuloma of the respiratory tract (Wegener's granulomatosis)","volume":"2","author":"Walton","year":"1958","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.31138\/mjr.31.4.412","article-title":"A case of microscopic polyangiitis presenting as cranial giant cell arteritis","volume":"31","author":"Evangelatos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000670","article-title":"Not every case of temporal arteritis is giant cell arteritis. Microscopic polyangiitis involving the temporal artery","volume":"24","author":"Plant\u00e9-Bordeneuve","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.8.1215","article-title":"Standardized neurologic evaluations of 128 patients with Wegener granulomatosis","volume":"58","author":"De Groot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223480","article-title":"2022 American College of Rheumatology\/EULAR classification criteria for giant cell\u00a0arteritis","volume":"81","author":"Ponte","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ J Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221795","article-title":"2022 American College of Rheumatology\/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria for granulomatosis with\u00a0polyangiitis","volume":"81","author":"Robson","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ J Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref11","article-title":"Granulomatous with polyangiitis (GPA) presenting with mononeuritis multiplex: a case-based review","volume":"8","author":"Seberi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian J Med Health Sci"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/24725625.2020.1780003","article-title":"A case of polyangiitis overlap syndrome of giant cell arteritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis successfully treated with rituximab","volume":"5","author":"Shibata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol Case Rep"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-eular.4008","article-title":"OP021 false positives of ultraosund in giant cell arteritis. Some diseases can also have halo sign","volume":"78","author":"Fer\u00e1ndez","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ J Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026080709513209300_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223764","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: 2022 update","volume":"83","author":"Hellmich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Modern Rheumatology Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mrcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/mrcr\/rxag064\/70496819\/rxag064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mrcr\/article-pdf\/10\/2\/rxag064\/70496819\/rxag064.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mrcr\/article-pdf\/10\/2\/rxag064\/70496819\/rxag064.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T13:51:37Z","timestamp":1786110697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mrcr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/mrcr\/rxag064\/8752683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mrcr\/rxag064","relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-5625"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-5625","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"rxag064"}}