{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T15:46:57Z","timestamp":1782575217963,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>According to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline no. (TG) 487 for the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test (MNT), short (pulse) treatment of primary human lymphocytes should be followed immediately by a sampling period of 1.5\u20132.0 cell cycle lengths in the presence of cytochalasin B. However, TG 487 allows extending the sampling period \u201cif it is known or suspected that the test chemical affects the cell cycling time.\u201d It is often unknown in advance whether a test substance induces cell cycle delays, and therefore whether an extension of the sampling period is warranted. Here, we investigate whether extending the sampling time after pulse treatment\u2014by including a recovery period prior to cytochalasin B treatment\u2014affects the sensitivity of the in vitro MNT. Primary human lymphocytes were exposed to 11 mutagens and assessed using two protocols (\u201crecovery\u201d and \u201cno recovery\u201d) in parallel from the same treatment culture. Including a recovery period after pulse treatment generally allowed testing of higher concentrations without excessive cytotoxicity. In addition, cultures subjected to a recovery period showed generally higher micronucleus rates at concentrations with acceptable levels of cytotoxicity, compared to cultures not having undergone a recovery period. To compare the sensitivity of both protocols at non-cytotoxic concentrations, benchmark concentration analysis was performed. Here, the \u201crecovery method\u201d proved to be at least as sensitive as the \u201cno recovery method.\u201d The reproducibility of these findings was demonstrated in an interlaboratory ring trial using a subset of up to five mutagens. In conclusion, the inclusion of a recovery period after pulse treatment per se covers potential substance-induced cell cycle delays without any loss in sensitivity toward the induced mutagenic effect. The \u201crecovery\u201d protocol can be used for assessing the mutagenic potential of test substances affecting and not affecting the cell cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/geag013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T12:47:44Z","timestamp":1772628464000},"page":"189-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inclusion of a recovery period after pulse treatment in the primary human lymphocyte micronucleus assay covers potential cell cycle delays without loss of sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4496-3078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Goepfert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen 67056 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Free University of Berlin , Berlin 14195 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Spies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology, Hochschule Mannheim , Mannheim 68163 ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim 68305, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natascha","family":"Partosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen 67056 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Spang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen 67056 ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Whitwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Toxicology, Labcorp , Harrogate HG3 1PY ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Toxicology, Labcorp , Harrogate HG3 1PY ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Toxicology, Labcorp , Harrogate HG3 1PY ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. 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