{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T10:53:43Z","timestamp":1791370423049,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"AIRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IG-18623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG-18623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"AIRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IG-18687"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG-18687"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008245","name":"CNR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sovem s.r.l.","award":["CF00631140126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CF00631140126"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009647","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009647","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Eukaryotic DNA is organized in nucleosomes, which package DNA and regulate its accessibility to transcription, replication, recombination and repair. Here, we show that in living cells nucleosomes protect DNA from high-energy radiation and reactive oxygen species. We combined sequence-based methods (ATAC-seq and BLISS) to determine the position of both nucleosomes and double strand breaks (DSBs) in the genome of nucleosome-rich malignant mesothelioma cells, and of the same cells partially depleted of nucleosomes. The results were replicated in the human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line. We found that, for each genomic sequence, the probability of DSB formation is directly proportional to the fraction of time it is nucleosome-free; DSBs accumulate distal from the nucleosome dyad axis. Nucleosome free regions and promoters of actively transcribed genes are more sensitive to DSB formation, and consequently to mutation. We argue that this may be true for a variety of chemical and physical DNA damaging agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T11:32:07Z","timestamp":1594380727000},"page":"8993-9006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Nucleosomes effectively shield DNA from radiation damage in living cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9982-6133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Brambilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita-Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Manuel","family":"Garcia-Manteiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7440-900X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Monteleone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita-Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Hoelzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita-Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, D79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Zocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita-Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5006-9506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Agresti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5329-6445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco E","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita-Salute San Raffaele, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020091720045233500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.307702.117","article-title":"Chromatin and nucleosome dynamics in DNA damage and repair","volume":"31","author":"Hauer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2020091720045233500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2012","article-title":"Impact of chromatin structure on sequence variability in the human genome","volume":"18","author":"Tolstorukov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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