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Chromosome fusions are frequent in cells incurring telomere dysfunctions or those exposed to DNA breakage. Their occurrence and therefore their contribution to genome instability in unchallenged cells is unknown. To address this issue, we constructed a genetic assay able to capture and quantify rare chromosome fusions in budding yeast. This chromosome fusion capture (CFC) assay relies on the controlled inactivation of one centromere to rescue unstable dicentric chromosome fusions. It is sensitive enough to quantify the basal rate of end-to-end chromosome fusions occurring in wild-type cells. These fusions depend on canonical nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Our results show that chromosome end protection results from a trade-off at telomeres between positive effectors (Rif2, Sir4, telomerase) and a negative effector partially antagonizing them (Rif1). The CFC assay also captures NHEJ-dependent chromosome fusions induced by ionizing radiation. It provides evidence for chromosomal rearrangements stemming from a single photon\u2013matter interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T15:51:50Z","timestamp":1622217110000},"page":"6817-6831","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A new assay capturing chromosome fusions shows a protection trade-off at telomeres and NHEJ vulnerability to low-density ionizing radiation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Pobiega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris and Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA IBFJ\/iRCM, UMR Stabilit\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Cellules Souches et Radiations, 92265 Fontenay-au-Roses,\u00a0France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Alibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA IBFJ\/CNRGH, 91057 Evry,\u00a0France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5199-1885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Marcand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris and Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA IBFJ\/iRCM, UMR Stabilit\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Cellules Souches et Radiations, 92265 Fontenay-au-Roses,\u00a0France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070901271468800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004086","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004086","article-title":"Is non-homologous end-joining really an inherently error-prone process?","volume":"10","author":"B\u00e9termier","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"2021070901271468800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2016.03.013","article-title":"The non-homologous end-joining pathway of S. cerevisiae works effectively in G1-phase cells, and religates cognate ends correctly and non-randomly","volume":"42","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"DNA Repair (Amst.)"},{"key":"2021070901271468800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.11.018","article-title":"A mechanism to minimize errors during non-homologous end joining","volume":"77","author":"Stinson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. 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