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After splitting of the stalled ribosome, a C-terminal polyalanine \u2018tail\u2019 is added to the unfinished polypeptide attached to the tRNA on the 50S ribosomal subunit. In Bacillus subtilis, polyalanine tailing is catalyzed by the NEMF family protein RqcH, in cooperation with RqcP. However, the mechanistic details of this process remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that RqcH is responsible for tRNAAla selection during RQC elongation, whereas RqcP lacks any tRNA specificity. The ribosomal protein uL11 is crucial for RqcH, but not RqcP, recruitment to the 50S subunit, and B. subtilis lacking uL11 are RQC-deficient. Through mutational mapping, we identify critical residues within RqcH and RqcP that are important for interaction with the P-site tRNA and\/or the 50S subunit. Additionally, we have reconstituted polyalanine-tailing in vitro and can demonstrate that RqcH and RqcP are necessary and sufficient for processivity in a minimal system. Moreover, the in vitro reconstituted system recapitulates our in vivo findings by reproducing the importance of conserved residues of RqcH and RqcP for functionality. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insight into the role of RqcH and RqcP in the bacterial RQC pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T19:13:40Z","timestamp":1624562020000},"page":"8355-8369","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["RqcH and RqcP catalyze processive poly-alanine synthesis in a reconstituted ribosome-associated quality control system"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Hiraku","family":"Takada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo, Motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Ume\u00e5 University, 90187 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Ume\u00e5 University, 90187 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caillan","family":"Crowe-McAuliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Polte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanna Yu","family":"Sidorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 188300 Gatchina, Russia"},{"name":"Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology of FMBA, 191024 Saint Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoriia","family":"Murina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Ume\u00e5 University, 90187 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Ume\u00e5 University, 90187 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemma C","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Centre \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey L","family":"Konevega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 188300 Gatchina, Russia"},{"name":"Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"National Research Centre \u201cKurchatov Institute\u201d, 123182 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9478-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoya","family":"Ignatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3816-3828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel\u00a0N","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2389-5057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasili","family":"Hauryliuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Ume\u00e5 University, 90187 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Ume\u00e5 University, 90187 Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, 50411 Tartu, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021081818135487800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01490-14","article-title":"Resolving nonstop translation complexes is a matter of life or death","volume":"196","author":"Keiler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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