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ADP-ribosylation is catalysed by ADP-ribosyltransferases and reversed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases. Recently, an ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin termed \u2018DarT\u2019 from bacteria, which is distantly related to human PARPs, was shown to modify thymidine in single-stranded DNA in a sequence specific manner. The antitoxin of DarT is the macrodomain containing ADP-ribosylhydrolase DarG, which shares striking structural homology with the human ADP-ribosylhydrolase TARG1. Here, we show that TARG1, like DarG, can reverse thymidine-linked DNA ADP-ribosylation. We find that TARG1-deficient human cells are extremely sensitive to DNA ADP-ribosylation. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the first detection of reversible ADP-ribosylation on genomic DNA in vivo from human cells. Collectively, our results elucidate the impact of DNA ADP-ribosylation in human cells and provides a molecular toolkit for future studies into this largely unknown facet of ADP-ribosylation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T03:13:37Z","timestamp":1631243617000},"page":"10477-10492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["TARG1 protects against toxic DNA ADP-ribosylation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Callum","family":"Tromans-Coia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana K","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyula","family":"Timinszky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lend\u00fclet Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd Research Network (ELKH), 6276 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9446-3756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Ahel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021100913444844500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/82818","article-title":"Passing the baton in base excision repair","volume":"7","author":"Wilson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. 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