{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:57:25Z","timestamp":1792166245098,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI127652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI127652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI153303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI153303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006978","name":"University of California, Berkeley","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NSF Graduate Research Fellowship","award":["2017242013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017242013"]}]},{"name":"Rose Hills Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PLEs (phage-inducible chromosomal island-like elements) are phage parasites integrated into the chromosome of epidemic Vibrio cholerae. In response to infection by its viral host ICP1, PLE excises, replicates and hijacks ICP1 structural components for transduction. Through an unknown mechanism, PLE prevents ICP1 from transitioning to rolling circle replication (RCR), a prerequisite for efficient packaging of the viral genome. Here, we characterize a PLE-encoded nuclease, NixI, that blocks phage development likely by nicking ICP1\u2019s genome as it transitions to RCR. NixI-dependent cleavage sites appear in ICP1\u2019s genome during infection of PLE(+) V. cholerae. Purified NixI demonstrates in vitro nuclease activity specifically for sites in ICP1\u2019s genome and we identify a motif that is necessary for NixI-mediated cleavage. Importantly, NixI is sufficient to limit ICP1 genome replication and eliminate progeny production, representing the most inhibitory PLE-encoded mechanism revealed to date. We identify distant NixI homologs in an expanded family of putative phage parasites in vibrios that lack nucleotide homology to PLEs but nonetheless share genomic synteny with PLEs. More generally, our results reveal a previously unknown mechanism deployed by phage parasites to limit packaging of their viral hosts\u2019 genome and highlight the prominent role of nuclease effectors as weapons in the arms race between antagonizing genomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T15:10:21Z","timestamp":1642000221000},"page":"8401-8417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A phage parasite deploys a nicking nuclease effector to inhibit viral host replication"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Kristen N","family":"LeGault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley , 271 Koshland Hall, Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary K","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley , 271 Koshland Hall, Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"IV","given":"Peter","family":"DePaola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley , 271 Koshland Hall, Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0139-1600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberley D","family":"Seed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley , 271 Koshland Hall, Berkeley , CA 94720 , USA"},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub , San Francisco , CA 94158 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022082600063264900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12072","article-title":"Bacteria\u2013phage coevolution as a driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in microbial communities","volume":"38","author":"Koskella","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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