{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:26:13Z","timestamp":1787243173228,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KAKENHI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAKENHI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H03482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20fk0108293h0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20fk0108293h0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20fk0108536s0301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20fk0108536s0301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JST SPRING"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JST SPRING"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJSP2125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJSP2125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The number of genetic variations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome has been increasing primarily due to continuous viral mutations. Here, we report that the human APOBEC3A (A3A) cytidine deaminase plays a critical role in the induction of C-to-U substitutions in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Bioinformatic analysis of the chronological genetic changes in a sequence database indicated that the largest UC-to-UU mutation signature, consistent with APOBEC-recognized nucleotide motifs, was predominant in single-stranded RNA regions of the viral genome. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, exogenous expression of A3A but not expression of other APOBEC proteins induced UC-to-UU mutations in viral RNA (vRNA). Additionally, the mutated C bases were often located at the tips in bulge or loop regions in the vRNA secondary structure. Interestingly, A3A mRNA expression was drastically increased by interferons (IFNs) and tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) in epithelial cells derived from the respiratory system, a site of efficient SARS-CoV-2 replication. Moreover, the UC-to-UU mutation rate was increased in SARS-CoV-2 produced from lung epithelial cells treated with IFN-\u00df and TNF-\u03b1, but not from CRISPR\/Cas9-based A3A knockout cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that A3A is a primary host factor that drives mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome via RNA editing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T09:53:36Z","timestamp":1670925216000},"page":"783-795","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Cellular APOBEC3A deaminase drives mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Nakata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0460-0001, Japan"},{"name":"Department of AIDS Research, Division of Basic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8624-2382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Ode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0460-0001, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0460-0001, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaaki","family":"Kasahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0460-0001, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0460-0001, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0460-0001, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayumi","family":"Imahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0460-0001, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Yokomaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0460-0001, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9269-4828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Iwatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0460-0001, Japan"},{"name":"Department of AIDS Research, Division of Basic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya, Aichi\u00a0466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012711370956900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2008-3","article-title":"A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China","volume":"579","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023012711370956900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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