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Based on systematic profiling of genome-wide occupancy of eighteen Apicomplexan AP2 transcription factors by ChIP-seq analysis, we identify and characterize eight heterochromatin-associated factors (PfAP2-HFs), which exhibit preferential enrichment within heterochromatic regions but with differential coverage profiles. Although these ApiAP2s target euchromatic gene loci via specific DNA motifs, they are likely integral components of heterochromatin independent of DNA motif recognition. Systematic knockout screenings of ApiAP2 factors coupled with RNA-seq transcriptomic profiling revealed three activators and three repressors of heterochromatic gene expression including four PfAP2-HFs. Notably, expression of virulence genes is either completely silenced or significantly reduced upon the depletion of PfAP2-HC. Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal autoregulation and feed-forward loops to be common features of the ApiAP2 regulatory network, in addition to the occurrence of dynamic interplay between local chromatin structure and ApiAP2s in transcriptional control. Collectively, this study provides a valuable resource describing the genome-wide landscape of the ApiAP2 family and insights into functional divergence and cooperation within this family during the blood-stage development of malaria parasites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T07:09:09Z","timestamp":1646464149000},"page":"3413-3431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Genome-wide landscape of ApiAP2 transcription factors reveals a heterochromatin-associated regulatory network during\n                    <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>\n                    blood-stage development"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital; Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital; Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanting","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital; Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, Shanxi 710069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gangqiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital; Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital; 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