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Unlike most class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs), TrpRS functions as a homodimer. Herein, we captured an \u2018open-closed\u2019 asymmetric structure of Escherichia coli TrpRS (EcTrpRS) with one active site occupied by a copurified intermediate product and the other remaining empty, providing structural evidence for the long-discussed half-of-the-sites reactivity of bacterial TrpRS. In contrast to its human counterpart, bacterial TrpRS may rely on this asymmetric conformation to functionally bind with substrate tRNA. As this asymmetric conformation is probably a dominant form of TrpRS purified from bacterial cells, we performed fragment screening against asymmetric EcTrpRS to support antibacterial discovery. Nineteen fragment hits were identified, and 8 of them were successfully cocrystallized with EcTrpRS. While a fragment named niraparib bound to the L-Trp binding site of the \u2018open\u2019 subunit, the other 7 fragments all bound to an unprecedented pocket at the interface between two TrpRS subunits. Binding of these fragments relies on residues specific to bacterial TrpRS, avoiding undesired interactions with human TrpRS. These findings improve our understanding of the catalytic mechanism of this important enzyme and will also facilitate the discovery of bacterial TrpRS inhibitors with therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T06:30:51Z","timestamp":1681799451000},"page":"4637-4649","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An asymmetric structure of bacterial TrpRS supports the half-of-the-sites catalytic mechanism and facilitates antimicrobial screening"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Manli","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery and Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaijiang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery and Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery and Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiteng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery and Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery and Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery and Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9675-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huihao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery and Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023052208565133900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.69.1.617","article-title":"Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis","volume":"69","author":"Ibba","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. 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