{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:33:23Z","timestamp":1790688803834,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM118102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM118102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES0033414"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES0033414"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Nucleotide excision repair removes UV-induced DNA damage through two distinct sub-pathways, global repair and transcription-coupled repair (TCR). Numerous studies have shown that in human and other mammalian cell lines that the XPC protein is required for repair of DNA damage from nontranscribed DNA via global repair and the CSB protein is required for repair of lesions from transcribed DNA via TCR. Therefore, it is generally assumed that abrogating both sub-pathways with an XPC\u2212\/\u2212\/CSB\u2212\/\u2212 double mutant would eliminate all nucleotide excision repair. Here we describe the construction of three different XPC\u2212\/\u2212\/CSB\u2212\/\u2212 human cell lines that, contrary to expectations, perform TCR. The XPC and CSB genes were mutated in cell lines derived from Xeroderma Pigmentosum patients as well as from normal human fibroblasts and repair was analyzed at the whole genome level using the very sensitive XR-seq method. As predicted, XPC\u2212\/\u2212 cells exhibited only TCR and CSB\u2212\/\u2212 cells exhibited only global repair. However, the XPC\u2212\/\u2212\/CSB\u2212\/\u2212 double mutant cell lines, although having greatly reduced repair, exhibited TCR. Mutating the CSA gene to generate a triple mutant XPC\u2212\/\u2212\/CSB\u2212\/\u2212\/CSA\u2212\/\u2212 cell line eliminated all residual TCR activity. Together, these findings provide new insights into the mechanistic features of mammalian nucleotide excision repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T09:31:04Z","timestamp":1683279064000},"page":"6238-6245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Nucleotide excision repair in Human cell lines lacking both XPC and CSB proteins"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6493-8194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A","family":"Lindsey-Boltz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9943-4279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2024-3566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cansu","family":"Kose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazli","family":"Deger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khagani","family":"Eynullazada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6469-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziz","family":"Sancar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023070700561699700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/218652a0","article-title":"Defective repair replication of DNA in xeroderma pigmentosum","volume":"218","author":"Cleaver","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023070700561699700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.09.120175.000315","article-title":"Xeroderma pigmentosum: biochemical and genetic characteristics","volume":"9","author":"Cleaver","year":"1975","journal-title":"Annu. 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