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Here, we show that germ cell-specific knockout of Rnaseh1, a specialized enzyme that degrades the RNA within DNA\u2013RNA hybrids, impairs spermatogenesis and causes male infertility. Notably, Rnaseh1 knockout results in incomplete DNA repair and meiotic prophase I arrest. These defects arise from the altered RAD51 and DMC1 recruitment in zygotene spermatocytes. Furthermore, single-molecule experiments show that RNase H1 promotes recombinase recruitment to DNA by degrading RNA within DNA\u2013RNA hybrids and allows nucleoprotein filaments formation. Overall, we uncover a function of RNase H1 in meiotic recombination, during which it processes DNA\u2013RNA hybrids and facilitates recombinase recruitment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T13:12:42Z","timestamp":1687957962000},"page":"7357-7375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["RNase H1 facilitates recombinase recruitment by degrading DNA\u2013RNA hybrids during meiosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou \u00a0510623, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing \u00a0100101, 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University , Nanjing \u00a0210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai \u00a0201210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University , Jinan \u00a0250012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing \u00a0100084, 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