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Relatedly, our group recently identified 301 long\u00a0genomic stretches significantly enriched for minimal G4 motifs (LG4s) in humans\u00a0and found the majority of these overlap annotated enhancers, and furthermore, that the promoters regulated by these LG4 enhancers are similarly enriched with G4-capable sequences. While the generally accepted model for enhancer:promoter specificity maintains that interactions are dictated by enhancer- and promoter-bound transcriptional activator proteins, the current study tested an alternative hypothesis: that LG4 enhancers interact with cognate promoters via a direct G4:G4 DNA-based mechanism. This work establishes the nuclear proximity of LG4 enhancer:promoter pairs, biochemically demonstrates the ability of individual LG4 single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) to directly interact target promoter ssDNAs, and confirms that these interactions, as well as the ability of LG4 enhancers to activate target promoters in culture, are mediated by G4 DNA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T01:54:12Z","timestamp":1733882052000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Long G4-rich enhancers target promoters via a G4 DNA-based mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7817-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey\u00a0D","family":"DeMeis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama ,\u00a05795 USA Drive North, Mobile, AL 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