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Circular replicons must carry a system for resolving dimeric forms, resulting from recombination between sister copies. These systems use site-specific recombinases. Among these, the XerCD recombinase resolves dimers of chromosomes and certain plasmids, using different modes of regulation. We have analyzed the dimer resolution functions in enterobacterial secondary replicons and show that, in addition to the main chromosomes, XerCD is preferentially used by small plasmids and by the largest secondary replicons, megaplasmids and secondary chromosomes. Indeed, all replicons longer than 250 kb host an active XerCD recombination site. These sites, in contrast to those of small plasmids, use the same control as chromosomes, coupled to cell division by the FtsK protein. We conclude that a chromosome-like mode of dimer resolution is mandatory for the faithful inheritance of large plasmids and chromids, its acquisition being a prerequisite for the genesis of secondary chromosomes from plasmids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T07:26:06Z","timestamp":1735197966000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The pathway to resolve dimeric forms distinguishes plasmids from megaplasmids in Enterobacteriaceae"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Fournes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre de Biologie Int\u00e9grative, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS , 165 Rue Marianne Grunberg-Manago,\u00a0campus Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9751-4531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre de Biologie Int\u00e9grative, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS , 165 Rue Marianne Grunberg-Manago,\u00a0campus Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6462-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Cury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ,\u00a0 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Schiavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre de Biologie Int\u00e9grative, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS , 165 Rue Marianne Grunberg-Manago,\u00a0campus Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carine","family":"Pag\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre de Biologie Int\u00e9grative, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS , 165 Rue Marianne Grunberg-Manago,\u00a0campus Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7389-447X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Touchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ,\u00a0 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7704-822X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo\u00a0P C","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, CNRS ,\u00a0 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6376-6527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre de Biologie Int\u00e9grative, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS , 165 Rue Marianne Grunberg-Manago,\u00a0campus Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8576-7451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Cornet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaires, Centre de Biologie Int\u00e9grative, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS , 165 Rue Marianne Grunberg-Manago,\u00a0campus Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020306145541200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00020-10","article-title":"Mobility of plasmids","volume":"74","author":"Smillie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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