{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:52:01Z","timestamp":1789494721153,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"BMBF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NanoMatFutur","award":["13XP5098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13XP5098"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Nucleic acid tests (NATs) are essential for biomedical diagnostics. Traditional NATs, often complex and expensive, have prompted the exploration of toehold-mediated strand displacement (TMSD) circuits as an economical alternative. However, the wide application of TMSD-based reactions is limited by \u2018leakage\u2019\u2014the spurious activation of the reaction leading to high background signals and false positives. Here, we introduce the Y-Switch, a new TMSD cascade design that recognizes a custom nucleic acid input and generates an amplified output. The Y-Switch is based on a pair of thermodynamically spring-loaded DNA modules. The binding of a predefined nucleic acid target triggers an intermolecular reaction that activates a T7 promoter, leading to the perpetual transcription of a fluorescent aptamer that can be detected by a smartphone camera. The system is designed to permit the selective depletion of leakage byproducts to achieve high sensitivity and zero-background signal in the absence of the correct trigger. Using Zika virus (ZIKV)- and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-derived nucleic acid sequences, we show that the assay generates a reliable target-specific readout. Y-Switches detect native RNA under isothermal conditions without reverse transcription or pre-amplification, with a detection threshold as low as \u223c200 attomole. The modularity of the assay allows easy re-programming for the detection of other targets by exchanging a single sequence domain. This work provides a low-complexity and high-fidelity synthetic biology tool for point-of-care diagnostics and for the construction of more complex biomolecular computations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T10:08:00Z","timestamp":1723802880000},"page":"e80-e80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Y-switch: a spring-loaded synthetic gene switch for robust DNA\/RNA signal amplification and detection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3898-6333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden , Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2989-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisha","family":"Krieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biofunctional Polymer Materials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden , Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092307431063300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc1931","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abc1931","article-title":"COVID-19 diagnostics in context","volume":"12","author":"Weissleder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E63","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.12.e63","article-title":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA","volume":"28","author":"Notomi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/350091a0","article-title":"Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification","volume":"350","author":"Compton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e204","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040204","article-title":"DNA detection using recombination proteins","volume":"4","author":"Piepenburg","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-023-01534-9","article-title":"Fast and sensitive CRISPR detection by minimized interference of target amplification","volume":"20","author":"Tong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9321","article-title":"Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a\/C2c2","volume":"356","author":"Gootenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0210-2","article-title":"SHERLOCK: nucleic acid detection with CRISPR nucleases","volume":"14","author":"Kellner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6245","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas12a target binding unleashes indiscriminate single-stranded DNase activity","volume":"360","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113207","article-title":"Rapid and accurate nucleobase detection using FnCas9 and its application in COVID-19 diagnosis","volume":"183","author":"Azhar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-018-0028-z","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted nucleic acid detection","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7400","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43817-z","article-title":"Reduced false positives and improved reporting of loop-mediated isothermal amplification using quenched fluorescent primers","volume":"9","author":"Hardinge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.075192.120","article-title":"Highly specific, multiplexed isothermal pathogen detection with fluorescent aptamer readout","volume":"26","author":"Aufdembrink","year":"2020","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752600","DOI":"10.3389\/fsens.2021.752600","article-title":"Isothermal amplification of nucleic acids: the race for the next \"gold standard\"","volume":"2","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Sens."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.11.052","article-title":"From research lab to standard environmental analysis tool: will NASBA make the leap?","volume":"109","author":"H\u00f8nsvall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00760-7","article-title":"CRISPR-based diagnostics","volume":"5","author":"Kaminski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202302858","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202302858","article-title":"Switchable fluorescent light-up aptamers based on Riboswitch architectures","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1148532","article-title":"Engineering entropy-driven reactions and networks catalyzed by DNA","volume":"318","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.20230160","article-title":"Programmable polymer materials empowered by DNA nanotechnology","volume":"61","author":"Speed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.957","article-title":"Dynamic DNA nanotechnology using strand-displacement reactions","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1021\/ar500059c","article-title":"Diagnostic applications of nucleic acid circuits","volume":"47","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023928811651","article-title":"Using DNA to power nanostructures","volume":"4","author":"Yurke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genet. Program. Evolvable Mach."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s41061-019-0274-z","article-title":"DNA strand displacement reaction: a powerful tool for discriminating single nucleotide variants","volume":"378","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Top. Curr. Chem."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06451","article-title":"Programming biomolecular self-assembly pathways","volume":"451","author":"Yin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c01453","article-title":"The recent development of hybridization chain reaction strategies in biosensors","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15275","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407024101","article-title":"Triggered amplification by hybridization chain reaction","volume":"101","author":"Dirks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8144","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201501457","article-title":"Hyperbranched hybridization chain reaction for triggered signal amplification and concatenated logic circuits","volume":"54","author":"Bi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa016","article-title":"Elucidation of leak-resistance DNA hybridization chain reaction with universality and extensibility","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25387-9","article-title":"A non-enzymatic, isothermal strand displacement and amplification assay for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA","volume":"12","author":"Mohammadniaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-21999-8_9","article-title":"Leakless DNA strand displacement systems","volume-title":"Proc. 21st Int. Conf. DNA Comput. Mol. Program","author":"Thachuk","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.5b00231","article-title":"Availability: a metric for nucleic acid strand displacement systems","volume":"6","author":"Olson","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaal2052","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal2052","article-title":"Enzyme-free nucleic acid dynamical systems","volume":"358","author":"Srinivas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11689","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b07394","article-title":"Improving the performance of DNA strand displacement circuits by shadow cancellation","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5386","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222807110","article-title":"Stacking nonenzymatic circuits for high signal gain","volume":"110","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-022-01001-3","article-title":"Standardized excitable elements for scalable engineering of far-from-equilibrium chemical networks","volume":"14","author":"Schaffter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E12182","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806859115","article-title":"Effective design principles for leakless strand displacement systems","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/msb4100099","article-title":"Construction of an in vitro bistable circuit from synthetic transcriptional switches","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2010.119","article-title":"Synthetic in vitro transcriptional oscillators","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E784","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100060108","article-title":"Timing molecular motion and production with a synthetic transcriptional clock","volume":"108","author":"Franco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.10.002","article-title":"Toehold switches: de-novo-designed regulators of gene expression","volume":"159","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-021-00962-9","article-title":"Programming cell-free biosensors with DNA strand displacement circuits","volume":"18","author":"Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.016","article-title":"Breaching self-tolerance to Alu duplex RNA underlies MDA5-mediated inflammation","volume":"172","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21596","article-title":"NUPACK: analysis and design of nucleic acid systems","volume":"32","author":"Zadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W43","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm234","article-title":"OligoCalc: an online oligonucleotide properties calculator","volume":"35","author":"Kibbe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001083","article-title":"Point-of-care diagnostic assay for the detection of Zika virus using the recombinase polymerase amplification method","volume":"99","author":"Wand","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2017.07.007","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide agarose gels for electrophoretic analysis of RNA","volume":"534","author":"Pandey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(98)00080-9","article-title":"Critical level and detection limit: performance measures for PCR-based assays","volume":"74","author":"Markert-Hahn","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(99)00105-1","article-title":"Detection and quantification limits: origins and historical overview","volume":"391","author":"Currie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1207339","article-title":"RNA mimics of green fluorescent protein","volume":"333","author":"Paige","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2016.00029","article-title":"RNA fluorescence with light-up aptamers","volume":"4","author":"Ouellet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.2533\/000942905777675589","article-title":"In vitro transcription and purification of RNAs of different size","volume":"59","author":"Gallo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chimia"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2001.4793","article-title":"Interrupting the template strand of the T7 promoter facilitates translocation of the DNA during initiation, reducing transcript slippage and the release of abortive products","volume":"310","author":"Jiang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.11.1841","article-title":"Sequence identity of the n-1 product of a synthetic oligonucleotide","volume":"23","author":"Temsamani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw447","article-title":"Engineering a robust DNA split proximity circuit with minimized circuit leakage","volume":"44","author":"Ang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6078","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku233","article-title":"Synthetic circuit for exact adaptation and fold-change detection","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.059","article-title":"Rapid, low-cost detection of Zika virus using programmable biomolecular components","volume":"165","author":"Pardee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01816-0","article-title":"Infectious viral load in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals infected with ancestral, Delta or Omicron SARS-CoV-2","volume":"28","author":"Puhach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00138-9","article-title":"Zika virus: high infectious viral load in semen, a new sexually transmitted pathogen?","volume":"16","author":"Mansuy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.5.1874","article-title":"Isothermal, in vitro amplification of nucleic acids by a multienzyme reaction modeled after retroviral replication","volume":"87","author":"Guatelli","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1999-7-813","article-title":"Non-enzymatic RNA hydrolysis promoted by the combined catalytic activity of buffers and magnesium ions","volume":"54","author":"AbouHaidar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Z. Naturforschung C"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11563","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks885","article-title":"Sequence-specific cleavage of the RNA strand in DNA-RNA hybrids by the fusion of ribonuclease H with a zinc finger","volume":"40","author":"Sulej","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.12.020","article-title":"A reverse-transcription\/RNase H based protocol for depletion of mosquito ribosomal RNA facilitates viral intrahost evolution analysis, transcriptomics and pathogen discovery","volume":"528","author":"Fauver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1002\/cpz1.159","article-title":"Production of structured RNA fragments by In vitro transcription and HPLC purification","volume":"1","author":"Karlsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01167-x","article-title":"Maximizing transcription of nucleic acids with efficient T7 promoters","volume":"3","author":"Conrad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16299","DOI":"10.1021\/ja508478x","article-title":"Broccoli: rapid selection of an RNA mimic of green fluorescent protein by fluorescence-based selection and directed evolution","volume":"136","author":"Filonov","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201710469","article-title":"Selective nascent polymer catch-and-release enables scalable isolation of multi-kilobase single-stranded DNA","volume":"57","author":"Krieg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-1082-2","article-title":"A smart polymer for sequence-selective binding, pulldown, and release of DNA targets","volume":"3","author":"Krieg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200520","article-title":"Scaling up digital circuit computation with DNA strand displacement cascades","volume":"332","author":"Qian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c11208","article-title":"Toehold-mediated strand displacement in random sequence pools","volume":"145","author":"Mayer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6326","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00580","article-title":"Principles and applications of nucleic acid strand displacement reactions","volume":"119","author":"Simmel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.6b00144","article-title":"Analog computation by DNA strand displacement circuits","volume":"5","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10262","article-title":"Neural network computation with DNA strand displacement cascades","volume":"475","author":"Qian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024092307431063300_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01483-3","article-title":"Dynamic matrices with DNA-encoded viscoelasticity for cell and organoid culture","volume":"18","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."}],"container-title":["Nucleic Acids Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/nar\/gkae680\/59209442\/gkae680.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/nar\/gkae680\/59209442\/gkae680.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T07:44:10Z","timestamp":1727077450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article\/52\/17\/e80\/7734162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkae680","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1048","1362-4962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1048","type":"print"},{"value":"1362-4962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]}}}